An Emerging Dimension in Psychosomatic Research: The Nocebo Phenomenon in the Management of Chronic Pain

Table 2

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using the variation of  nocebo response as a dependent variable and psychosocial dimensions as covariate.

	Δ nocebo		Δ nocebo/sex
	𝐹 value/Λ	𝑃	𝐹 value/Λ	𝑃
Total SSAS	5.62	0.018
General hypochondriasis	20.10	<0.0001
Disease conviction	11.51	0.0008
Somatization	9.34	0.0024	22.85	<0.0001
Life control	5.12	0.024	16.93	<0.0001
Distress	23.91	<0.0001	22.17	<0.0001
Support	29.82	< 0.0001	9.31	0.002
Outdoor work	4.79	0.029	7.02	0.008

Λ: lambda; total SSAS: Somato Sensory Amplification Scale total scoring; Δ nocebo/sex: variation of  nocebo response between sexes.