Evaluating the Structure of Enemy Biodiversity Effects on Prey Informs Pest Management
Table 5
Number of whitefly nymphs, adults and predators counted at the end of the experiment and model expectations.
Treatment
Block
Counts in Experimental Units (EU)
Counts in Leaf Samples (LS)
Model expectations
Whiteflies
Predators
Whitefly nymphs
LS
EU
Dead
Alive
Emerged
C
A
956
318
1
0
0
0
43
154
172
369
326
334
385
C
A
830
575
3
0
0
0
11
235
126
372
361
337
334
C
A
937
418
0
0
0
0
30
156
223
409
379
371
377
C
B
280
60
0
0
0
0
17
45
34
96
79
87
58
C
B
480
35
2
0
0
0
36
129
72
237
201
215
99
C
B
530
28
0
0
0
0
7
115
61
183
176
166
109
Li
A
670
198
0
0
2
0
38
221
70
329
291
298
205
Li
A
707
251
0
0
1
0
17
127
109
253
236
229
217
Li
A
911
289
0
0
1
0
17
132
140
289
272
262
279
Li
B
910
126
2
0
3
0
22
179
50
251
229
228
142
Li
B
350
44
1
0
1
0
16
101
38
155
139
141
55
Li
B
550
76
1
0
2
0
7
114
43
164
157
149
86
Li + Mm
A
405
233
2
0
2
7
33
124
85
242
209
200
149
Li + Mm
A
501
377
0
0
1
7
8
104
195
307
299
266
193
Li + Mm
A
300
102
0
0
1
2
48
60
46
154
106
114
99
Li + Mm
B
810
102
0
0
2
4
16
202
67
285
269
257
165
Li + Mm
B
150
22
0
0
0
9
48
15
13
76
28
30
13
Li + Mm
B
340
38
0
0
3
5
43
69
31
143
100
107
58
Li + Ox
A
1030
278
0
1
2
0
23
195
211
429
406
389
315
Li + Ox
A
717
293
0
1
0
0
48
185
134
367
319
333
220
Li + Ox
A
510
100
0
1
1
0
23
134
83
240
217
218
156
Li + Ox
B
30
5
0
0
0
0
0
9
4
13
13
12
5
Li + Ox
B
190
48
1
0
3
0
35
79
43
157
122
142
30
Li + Ox
B
530
86
1
0
1
0
20
107
37
164
144
149
83
Mm
A
406
107
0
0
0
5
19
107
45
171
152
148
156
Mm
A
368
257
0
0
1
5
24
64
84
172
148
146
139
Mm
A
865
455
0
0
0
7
32
159
142
333
301
301
348
Mm
B
380
60
0
0
0
5
36
107
44
187
151
155
71
Mm
B
70
10
2
0
0
7
33
12
1
46
13
15
5
Mm
B
290
41
0
0
0
8
39
59
41
139
100
105
50
Mm + Nt
A
540
166
3
0
0
3
118
115
97
330
212
242
176
Mm + Nt
A
717
214
5
0
0
6
26
136
83
245
219
190
247
Mm + Nt
A
340
142
6
0
0
3
87
38
69
194
107
128
100
Mm + Nt
B
260
37
7
0
0
1
105
34
39
178
73
72
24
Mm + Nt
B
370
20
0
0
0
2
81
52
46
179
98
87
41
Mm + Nt
B
520
98
12
0
0
6
106
94
33
233
127
132
67
Mm + Ox
A
406
302
0
2
0
5
64
177
82
323
259
277
155
Mm + Ox
A
513
150
1
1
0
8
62
86
82
230
168
203
202
Mm + Ox
A
1776
750
0
0
0
5
45
164
192
401
356
363
715
Mm + Ox
B
1230
244
8
2
0
8
25
172
61
258
233
234
253
Mm + Ox
B
250
24
0
1
0
5
38
68
49
155
117
106
39
Mm + Ox
B
280
77
5
2
0
12
40
56
45
141
101
102
46
Nt
A
213
210
3
0
0
0
31
66
67
164
133
127
73
Nt
A
466
143
11
0
0
0
45
105
48
198
153
161
168
Nt
A
390
170
11
0
0
0
59
115
143
317
258
254
139
Nt
B
130
4
13
0
0
0
62
11
1
74
12
28
11
Nt
B
320
67
15
0
0
0
94
25
34
153
59
72
34
Nt
B
230
24
0
0
0
0
70
44
39
153
83
66
22
Nt + Li
A
510
280
7
0
0
0
40
85
110
235
195
171
165
Nt + Li
A
685
263
12
0
4
0
94
91
125
310
216
238
233
Nt + Li
A
832
158
4
0
1
0
72
92
64
228
156
181
293
Nt + Li
B
400
18
7
0
1
0
113
19
10
142
29
74
47
Nt + Li
B
170
16
2
0
2
0
68
44
3
115
47
47
16
Nt + Li
B
430
39
2
0
0
0
67
97
46
210
143
112
52
Nt + Ox
A
271
135
6
3
0
0
80
59
65
204
124
119
70
Nt + Ox
A
1208
440
4
1
0
0
65
158
104
327
262
266
436
Nt + Ox
A
823
224
9
1
0
0
124
155
115
394
270
294
273
Nt + Ox
B
670
96
8
1
0
0
77
83
29
189
112
101
81
Nt + Ox
B
600
82
16
1
0
0
110
83
36
229
119
116
69
Nt + Ox
B
310
69
5
1
0
0
101
34
30
165
64
60
26
Ox
A
364
119
0
1
0
0
15
158
54
227
212
206
111
Ox
A
970
270
1
1
0
0
22
190
118
330
308
299
297
Ox
A
467
297
0
1
0
0
19
93
146
258
239
234
143
Ox
B
1010
95
3
0
0
0
12
215
60
287
275
260
158
Ox
B
410
25
1
0
0
0
22
95
67
184
162
167
64
Ox
B
640
70
1
1
0
0
6
91
69
166
160
150
100
Averages
A
655
263
45
128
110
283
238
239
229
B
427
60
46
82
39
167
121
121
71
: number of whitefly nymphs counted in each experimental unit; : number of whitefly adults counted in each experimental unit; , , , : number of predator counted in each experimental unit for the species N. tenuis, O. lineatus, P. phrygianus, and M. melanotoma respectively; Dead: number of dead whitefly nymphs counted in leaf samples; Alive: number of alive whitefly nymphs counted in leaf samples; Emerged: number of pupal cases from which whitefly adult emerged counted in leaf samples; : sample size (Dead + Alive + Emerged); : total number of whitefly nymphs survived in leaf samples (Alive + Emerged); and : expected numbers of whitefly nymphs and adults surviving in leaf samples and whole experimental unit respectively (estimated from model J9). In bold the three series of counts confronted with expectations to obtain maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters.
