Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Biofuel for Tissue Regeneration

Table 1

Cytokines present in PRF and their functions.

Cytokines present in PRF	Functions
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)	(i) Released from α-granules of platelets; (ii) Stimulates proliferation of osteoblasts [14]; (iii) Synthesis of collagen type I and fibronectin; (iv) Enhanced woven bone formation; (v) Enhanced chemotaxis of osteoblast cells; (vi) Stimulates angiogenesis
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)	(i) Migration and proliferation of mesenchymal lineage cells [15]; (ii) Angiogenic effect on endothelial cells [16]
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)	(i) Initiates angiogenesis [2]
Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)	(i) Stimulates osteoblast proliferation [16]; (ii) Chemotactic effects towards human osteoblasts; (iii) Increased expression of osteocalcin; (iv) Enhances wound healing
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)	(i) Stimulates osteoblast proliferation [16]; (ii) Chemotactic effects towards human osteoblasts; (iii) Increased expression of osteocalcin; (iv) Enhances wound healing
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)	(i) Stimulation of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix turnover [17]; (ii) Chemotactic effect on periodontal fibroblast cells