Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin

Table 2

The potential explanations for the associations between the risk of all-cause and site-specific mortality in diabetes.

(1) Increase in cell proliferation rate in the presence of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia
(2) Increase in cell permeability and changes in basement membranes caused by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
(3) Presence of diabetes related morbidities which may alter clinical decisions regarding the treatment for the cancer
(4) Poorer response to the cancer treatment
(5) Suboptimal cancer screening programs in diabetic patients
(6) Excess mortality risk related to diabetes