Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Gene Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Table 1

Summary of synthesis methods for magnetic nanoparticles and their features.

Method	Temperature (°C)	Solvent	Size range (nm)	Morphology
Coprecipitation	20–90	Water	15–200	Spherical or rhombic
Microemulsions	20–50	Organic	4–12	Spherical or cubic
Hydrothermal synthesis	220	Water-ethanol	520	Spherical
Sol-gel synthesis	200–400	Organic	20–200	Spherical
Electrochemical deposition	70–100	Organic	3–8	Spherical
Sonochemical method	25	Water	10–30	Spherical or rod shaped
Polyol method	120–280	Organic	5–40	Spherical
Thermal decomposition	100–320	Organic	3–20	Spherical
Spray pyrolysis	400–700	Organic	5–60	Spherical but aggregated
Laser-induced pyrolysis	1100	Organic	5–30	Spherical less large
Biomimetic synthesis		—	50–100	Spherical cluster, cubo-octahedral