Identification of Appropriate Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of Heat-Stressed Mammary Epithelial Cells in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Table 1

General description, cellular localization, and biological functions for set of candidate genes evaluated as reference genes in the present study.

Gene symbol	Description	Cellular localization	Biological function/component
A2M	Alpha 2-microglobulin	Cytoplasm	A protease inhibitor and cytokine transporter
ACTB	β-actin	Cytoplasm	Cytoskeletal structural protein, nucleotide, and ATP binding
B2M	Beta 2-microglobulin	Golgi membrane, plasma membrane, early endosome membrane, extracellular region	Cytoskeletal protein, immune response, protein binding
EEF1A1	Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Cytoplasm	Translation elongation factor activity
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Plasma membrane	Glycolytic enzyme, oxidoreductase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
GTP	GTP-binding protein	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit
HMBS	Hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Cytoplasm	Heme synthesis, porphyrin metabolism, transferase activity
HPRT1	Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cytoplasm	Purine synthesis in salvage pathway
RPL22	Ribosomal protein L22	Cytoplasm	Component of the 60S subunit and encodes a ribosomal protein
RPL4	Ribosomal protein L4	Cytoplasm	Component of the 60S subunit and encodes a ribosomal protein
RPS15	Ribosomal protein S15	Cytoplasm	Protein synthesis/40S subribosome
RPS18	Ribosomal protein S18	Cytoplasm	Component of the 40S ribosome
RPS23	Ribosomal protein S23	Cytoplasm	Protein synthesis/40S subribosome
RPS9	Ribosomal protein S9	Cytoplasm	Protein synthesis/40S subribosome
UBC	Ubiquitin C	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Protein degradation
UXT	Ubiquitously expressed transcript	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Transcriptional activation, ATP binding, microtubule binding, unfolded protein binding