Candida Infections and Their Prevention

Table 1

Commonly used antifungal drugs and their targets/mode of action.

Antifungals	Targets/mode of action	References
Azoles	Ergosterol biosynthesis (inhibition of ERG11 gene product, lanosterol 14α-demethylase)	[14–20]
Fluconazole (FLC)
Itraconazole (ITC)
Voriconazole (VCZ)
Posaconazole (POS)
Ravuconazole
Isavuconazole
Pramiconazole
Albaconazole
Miconazole
Ketoconazole
Polyenes	Cell membrane ergosterol (increased permeability and oxidative damage)	[21, 22]
Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Echinocandins	Cell wall biosynthesis, inhibition of GSC1 gene product, β(1,3)-glucan synthase	[23–26]
Caspofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin
Allylamines	Ergosterol biosynthesis; (inhibition of ERG1 gene product squalene epoxidase)	[27]
Terbinafine
Naftifine
Fluorinated pyrimidine	DNA and RNA synthesis (misincorporation of 5-fluorouracil)	[28, 29]
analogs
5-fluorocytosine