Review Article

Microstructures in Polymer Fibres for Optical Fibres, THz Waveguides, and Fibre-Based Metamaterials

Table 1

Summary of selected polymers used in microstructured polymer fibre fabrication.

PolymerRefractive indexAbsorption (°C)Comments

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)1.49 (650 nm) [10]
1.60 (1 THz) [19]
0.15 dB/m (650 nm) [5]
60 dB/cm or 14 cm−1 (1 THz) [19]
115 [38]Most widespread optical polymer
Polycarbonate (PC)1.58 (650 nm) [10]
1.65 (1 THz) [19]
~0.5 dB/m (650 nm) [39]
50 dB/cm or 12 cm−1 (1 THz) [19]
150 [38]High index and high
Polystyrene (PS)1.59 (650 nm) [10]0.11 dB/m (670 nm) [40]100 [10]High index
Polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF)1.40 (1050 nm) [37]−30 [37]Low index
Cyclo-olefin polymer
Zeonex 480R
1.53 (650 nm) [42]
1.52 (1 THz) [47]
0.9 dB/cm or 0.2 cm−1 (1 THz) [47]138 [42]Transparent for THz, low water absorption
Cyclo-olefin copolymer
Topas
1.53 (650 nm) [44]
1.52 (1 THz) [48]
0.9 dB/cm or 0.2 cm−1 (1 THz) [48]80 [44]Transparent for THz, low water absorption
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)1.38 (visible) [19]
1.45 (1 THz) [19]
9 dB/cm or 2 cm−1 [19], also
~1.3 dB/cm or ~0.3 cm−1 [18, 45] (1 THz)*
160–240For use at THz frequencies
High density polyethylene (HDPE)1.54 (visible) [19]
1.53 (1 THz) [19]
9 dB/cm or 2 cm−1 [19], also ~1.3 dB/cm or ~0.3 cm−1 [18, 46] (1THz)*−135For use at THz
frequencies
Deuterated PMMA (PMMA-d8)60 dB/km (650 nm) [53]Deuterated material
Cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP)1.34 (visible) [51]
1.35 (1 THz) [52]
40 dB/km (650 nm), 16 dB/km (850 nm), 20 dB/km (1300 nm) [49]
4 dB/cm or 1 cm−1 (1 THz) [52]
108 [51]Fluorinated material

*Different values reported to PTFE and HDPE are possibly attributed to different grades of the materials.