Impact of a Low-Pressure Polyurethane Adult Endotracheal Tube on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A before and after Concurrence Study

Table 2

Ventilation characteristics and incidence of microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) before and after PUC-ETT.

Characteristic	Before	After	𝑃 value
Hospital days	43	49	0.33
ICU days	34	38.5	0.61
Mortality	19 (27.9)	10 (31.3)	0.48
Patients with VAP [𝑛 (%)]	68 (24.7)	32 (16.3)	𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟖^∗
Total ventilator days (median)	29	26	0.865
Hospital admission days until VAP (median)	13	17	0.709
Primary microorganism^a
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus	15	11
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	10	4
Escherichia coli	1	2
Candida albicans	2	2
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex	23	4
Klebsiella pneumoniae	2	2
Other^b	9	6

All patients are represented as VAP patients before and after introduction of the HVLP PU-cuffed ETT.
 *Statistically significant 𝑃 value. ^aPolymicrobial infections: in the group that received the MICROCUFF tube, 8 patients had 2 microorganisms, 5 patients had 3 microorganisms, and 2 patients had 4 microorganisms. In the group that received the Mallinckrodt tube, 13 patients had 2 microorganisms, 9 patients had 3 microorganisms, and 3 patients had 4 microorganisms.
^bOther microorganisms in the group that received the MICROCUFF tube were Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Burkholderia cepacia, Klebsiella oxytoca ESBL, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Candida glabrata. Other microorganisms in the group that received the Mallinckrodt ET tube were BETA STREPTOCOCCUS GRP C, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans MDR, Candida krusei, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Serratia marcescens.