Educational Attainment and Educational Mismatch in the First Employment in Spain
Table 4
Determinants of educational mismatch in the first employment.
Variablesa
Odds ratios
Undereducated/ adequated
Overeducated/ adequated
Personal data
Female
0.814
1.810
Foreigner
0.250
4.000
Education
Compulsory education
8.786
0.004
Upper secondary education
18.709
2.336
Lower vocational education
15.478
2.204
Upper vocational education
2.924
1.323
Father’s education
Secondary education
1.111
0.757
Higher education
1.113
0.720
Father’s employment status
Manager
1.120
0.760
Professional and technical
1.377
0.817
Skilled worker
1.073
1.297
Nonskilled worker
0.906
1.750
Unemployed
0.917
1.982
Inactive
1.117
1.051
Length of the job search
Less than 6 months
2.057
0.262
Between 6 and 11 months
0.740
0.858
More than a year
0.527
1.990
Year of leaving education
1992
0.772
1.247
1993
0.561
1.150
1994
0.738
1.613
1995
0.746
1.797
1996
0.501
1.818
1997
0.795
2.408
1998
0.278
3.321
1999
0.259
8.065
Region
Aragón
3.200
0.279
Asturias
0.653
1.663
Balearic Islands
1.726
0.277
Canary Islands
1.794
0.502
Cantabria
0.619
1.800
Castilla-León
1.113
0.484
Castilla La-Mancha
1.879
0.434
Catalonia
1.821
0.386
Valencian community
1.613
0.362
Extremadura
0.863
1.447
Galicia
0.968
0.651
Madrid
1.735
0.475
Murcia
0.999
0.605
Navarre
1.794
0.365
The Basque Country
1.873
0.324
La Rioja
1.609
0.191
Selection bias
Lambda
11.346
0.018
Measures and tests of goodness of fit
−3.644.46
LR chi2
984.42
Prob > chi2
0.0000
Pseudo
0.1190
6,909
Hausman test Ho: differences in coefficients not systematic
Omitted outcome
Overeducated
Undereducated
Chi2
5.23
0.68
Prob > chi2
1.000
1.000
The omitted variables are male; Spanish; higher education; father is illiterate or has primary education; father is a clerk; no search for employment; leaving education in 1991; Andalusia. In bold: Levels of signification ≥ 95%. Source: Spanish Module on School to Work Transitions (2000) and own elaboration.
