Clinical Study

Rescue High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: What about Lung Histopathology and Necropsy Findings?

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of the CDH population admitted between 1997 and 2010.

Resuscitation
 5 minute Apgar score
  <7, n (%)16 (20)
  7–10, n (%) 64 (80)

Admission
 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)70 (87.5)
 Spontaneous ventilation, n (%)10 (12.5)
 Arterial blood pH
  ≥7.35, n (%)25 (31.3)
  <7.35, n (%)55 (68.7)

Anomalies
 Chromosomal anomaly (amniotic fluid study), n (%)2 (3.7)
  45, X0 n (%)1 (1.8)
  47, XX, +i(9) (pter-p10::p10-pter).ish i(9) (wcp9+) n (%)1 (1.8)
 Other major congenital anomaly, n (%)3 (5.6)
  Esophageal atresia, n (%)1 (1.8)
  Cystic hygroma of the neck, n (%)1 (1.8)
  Coarctation of aorta, n (%)1 (1.8)
 Nonimmune hydrops fetalis, n (%)1 (1.8)

Evolution
 Pulmonary hypertension
  Mild (<40 mmHg), n (%)19 (23.7)
  Moderate (40–60 mmHg), n (%)27 (33.8)
  Severe (>60 mmHg), n (%)34 (42.5)
 HFOV, n (%)10 (12.5)
 INO, n (%) 18 (22.5)
 Sildenafil, n (%) 15 (18.7)
 Inotropic support, n (%)42 (52.5)
 ECMO, n (%)1 (1.2)
 Need for paralysis, n (%)20 (25)
 Preoperative pneumothorax, n (%)7 (8.7)
 Surgery, n (%)58 (72.5)
 Day of surgery, median (min-max)4 (1–42)
 Side of hernia
  Right, n (%)11 (13.8)
  Left, n (%)68 (85)
  Bilateral, n (%)1 (1.2)
   Intrathoracic liver, n (%)22 (20)
 Duration of NICU stay (days), median (min-max)14 (1–167)
 Deceased, n (%)41 (51.2)
 Discharged, n (%)39 (48.7)

CDH: congenital diaphragmatic hernia; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; INO: inhaled nitric oxide; HFOV: high frequency oscillatory ventilation; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit.