Electrodialysis of Phosphates in Industrial-Grade Phosphoric Acid

Figure 2

Speciation diagrams for (a) acids; (b) anions; (c) cations; (d) phosphate-metal (III) complexes; (e) phosphate-metal (II) complexes; and (f) phosphate-metal (I) complexes.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)