The Human Frontal Lobes and Frontal Network Systems: An Evolutionary, Clinical, and Treatment Perspective

Table 5

Additional neuropathological states and conditions in which FNS is invariably part of the neurological syndrome [22–24].

Subcortical gray matter
HIV dementia
Wilson’s disease
Huntington’s
Neuroacanthocytosis syndrome
Prionopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob, GSS FFI, and BSE)
Fahr’s syndrome—calcification of the BG
Pantothenate kinase 2 associated neurodegeneration (PANK2)
Adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Subcortical white matter
Leukodystrophy disorders (metachromatic, Krabbe’s, adrenal, orthochromatic)
Fabry’s disease
Vanishing white matter disease
Mixed cortical and subcortical pathology
Vasculitides
Meningitis/encephalitis
CADASIL
Alexander’s disease
Canavan disease
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL) or Nasu-Hakola disease
Mitochondrial diseases (MELAS, MERFF, and Kearns Sayre)