Evaluation of the In Vitro Efficacy of Artemisia annua, Rumex abyssinicus, and Catha edulis Forsk Extracts in Cancer and Trypanosoma brucei Cells

Table 1

Efficacy of alcoholic extracts of Rumex abyssinicus (RMA), Artemisia annua (AMR), and Catha edulis Forsk (CEF) on Trypanosoma cells. T. brucei cells were seeded in 96 well plates (2×10⁴ cells/well), and extracts of the different plants were added in increasing concentrations. The cells were inspected at the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 24th hrs of incubation by microscopic observation according to the following operational definitions: live cells: cells moving either fast or slowly; dead cells: no moving cells are observed in the medium; actively moving: cells move actively swimming from place to place in the medium within the microscopic field; weakly moving: a live cell that moves slowly in a fixed position; clamping: cells sticking together in groups of a minimum of 5 cells per clamp.

Concentration (µg/mL)	RMA	AMR	CEF
	2 hr incubation
3	XXXXX	XXXXX	XXXXX
33	XXXXX	XXXX	XXX
333	X	XX	X
	3 hr incubation
3	XXXXX	XXXXX	XXXXX
33	XXXXX	XXXX	XX
333	X	X	X
	6 hr incubation
3	XXXXX	XXXXX	XXXXX
33	XXXXX	XX	XX
333	X	X	X
	24 hr incubation
3	XXXXX	XXXXX	XXX
33	XXXXX	X	X
333	X	X	X

X: all cells are dead; XX: more than 95% of cells are dead, and the rest are slowly moving at a fixed position; XXX: all cells move weakly and start clamping; XXXX: 50% of cells are active, and 50% are weakly moving; XXXXX: live and actively moving cells.