Hybrid Surgical and Catheter Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 1

One-step approach of hybrid procedure. Reprinted from [8]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012 with permission from Oxford Journals. (AF: atrial fibrillation; SR: sinus rhythm; PVI: pulmonary vein isolation; CAFE: complex atrial fractionated electrograms; AT: atrial tachycardia; Afli: atrial flutter; RA: right atrium; and SVC: superior vena cava.)