Research Article

Explaining Protectionism Support: The Role of Economic Factors

Table 2

Description of variables.

Variable nameVariable labelData source

ADV1 if employment sector comparative advantage is strong ISSP (2003)/CEPII [15]
AgeRespondent’s ageISSP (2003)
Age2Age AgeISSP (2003)
Agriculture1 if working in agricultural sectorISSP (2003)
Attend religion1 if attends religious services once a week or more ISSP (2003)
Chauvinism 1 if agreeing with “generally speaking, your country is a better country than most other countries”ISSP (2003)
CAIComparative Advantage Index, mean 1980–2001ISSP (2003)/CEPII [15]
CPI (change)Logarithm of (1 + the change in inflation rate)World Bank [16]
DADV1 if employment sector comparative disadvantage is strongISSP (2003)/CEPII [15]
EDUYEARSYears of schoolingISSP (2003)
EDUIPCEDUYEARS LGNIpcISSP (2003)/ World Bank [16]
Female0 for men and 1 for womenISSP (2003)
High1 if LGNIpc is higher than 9.2 (equivalent to US$ 10,000) World Bank [16]
Industry1 if working in industrial sectorISSP (2003)
Large1 if the number of inhabitants is higher than 30 millionWorld Bank [16]
LGNIpcLogarithm of Gross National Income per capita, Atlas method (current US$)World Bank [16]
LINCOMELogarithm of earningsISSP (2003)
LMAOTRILogarithm of Market Access Overall Trade Restrictiveness Index (tariffs and nontariff barriers) Anderson and Neary [17]
LMRATIOLogarithm of imports of goods and services (percentage GDP, 2000–2004 average)World Bank [16]
LOTRILogarithm of Overall Trade Restrictiveness Index (tariffs and nontariff barriers)Anderson and Neary [17]
LXRATIOLogarithm of exports of goods and services (percentage GDP, 2000–2004 average)World Bank [16]
Middle1 if LGNIpc is lower than 9.2 (equivalent to US$ 10,000) World Bank [16]
Pride1 if feeling proud of countryISSP (2003)
RiskLogarithm of country risk SACE (2004)
Service1 if working in service sectorISSP (2003)
Small1 if the number of inhabitants is 30 million or lowerWorld Bank [16]
TradeLogarithm of external balance of payments as percentage of GDPWorld Bank [16]
Unemployment rate (change)Logarithm of (1 + the change in unemployment rate)World Bank [16]
Upper class1 if self-placement on 10-point income scale is between 6 and 10ISSP (2003)