Explaining Protectionism Support: The Role of Economic Factors

Table 4

Protectionism opinion—verification of trade theory predictions.

	4.1—interaction effects, H–O model	4.2—the effects of education per country size	4.3—with activity sectors	4.4—with comparative advantage index	4.5—with comparative (dis)advantage
Probability	55.38%	55.4%	55.79%	55.44%	55.44%
EDUYRS	−0.024**	−0.024**	−0.018*	−0.023**	−0.023**
	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.010)
LGNIPC	0.250***
	(0.064)
EDUIPC	−0.008***
	(0.002)
EDUYRS ∗ high		−0.023***
		(0.002)
EDUYRS ∗ middle		−0.008**
		(0.004)
Industry			0.049***
			(0.015)
Agriculture			0.117***
			(0.039)
Service			0.026**
			(0.013)
CAI				−0.001**
				(0.000)
ADV					0.012
					(0.025)
DADV					0.060***
					(0.016)
Observations	23159	23159	23159	23159	23159
Pseudo 𝑅-squared	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08

*Significant at 10%; **significant at 5%; ***significant at 1%. Source: see Table 2.
Robust standard errors in brackets.
All models 3.2 include dummy variables per country of residence.
All models include the same set of control variables not included in Table 3 (female, age, age², upper class, lincome, attend religion, chauvinism, pride).