Review Article

Forward Osmosis in India: Status and Comparison with Other Desalination Technologies

Table 2

Cost comparison between RO and FO seawater desalination plant.

Seawater reverse osmosisForward osmosis

Design capacity = 1 mgd

Construction cost (in USD) = −39877 *  + 3 + 06 *  + 7 + 06, where is the design capacity in mgd [29]

= −38977 * () + 3 + 06 + 7 + 06
= USD 9.96 million

Annual operation and maintenance cost (in USD) = 697283 *  + 368927, where is the design capacity in mgd [29]

= 697283 + 368927
= USD 1.06 million
Design capacity = 1 mgd

Construction cost (in USD) = 86.82 () + 3 + 06, where is membrane area in sq ft. [29]

FO membrane area required = design capacity/water flux performance

Water flux performance = 15 gfd [53]. This value is for a pilot plant developed by Yale University which used ammonia-carbon dioxide as draw solution and cellulose acetate membrane.
Thus, FO membrane area required () = 106/15
= 66666.6 sq ft.
Thus, construction cost = 86.82 (66666.6) + 3 + 06
= USD 8.78 million

Annual operation and maintenance cost (in USD) = 3 − 06 *  + 10.631 *  + 116981, where is membrane area in sq ft. [29]

= 3 − 06 * (66666.6)2 + 10.631 * 66666.6 + 116981
= USD 0.83 million