Review Article
Chylous Ascites: Evaluation and Management
Table 1
Etiological classification of chylous ascites.
| Atraumatic [2] | | Traumatic |
| (I) Neoplastic | Cardiac | (I) Iatrogenic | Solid organ cancers | Constrictive pericarditis | (A) Surgical | Lymphoma | Congestive heart failure | Abdominal aneurysm repair | Sarcoma | Gastrointestinal | Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy | Carcinoid tumors | Celiac sprue | Placement of peritoneal dialysis catheter | Lymphangioleiomyomatosis | Whipple’s disease | Inferior vena cava resection | Chronic lymphatic leukemia | Intestinal malrotation | Pancreaticoduodenectomy | (II) Diseases | Small bowel volvulus | Vagotomy | (A) Congenital | Ménétrier disease | Radical and laparoscopic nephrectomy | Primary lymphatic hypoplasia | Inflammatory | Nissen fundoplication | Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Pancreatitis | Distal splenorenal shunts | Yellow nail syndrome | Fibrosing mesenteritis | Laparoscopic adrenalectomy | Primary lymphatic hyperplasia | Retroperitoneal fibrosis | Gynecological surgery | Lymphangioma | Sarcoidosis | (B) Nonsurgical | Familial visceral myopathy | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Radiotherapy | (B) Acquired | Behçet’s disease | (II) Noniatrogenic | Cirrhosis | Peritoneal dialysis | Blunt abdominal trauma | Infectious | Hyperthyroidism | Battered child syndrome | Tuberculosis | Nephrotic syndrome | Penetrating abdominal trauma | Filariasis | Drugs | Shear forces to the root of the mesentery | Mycobacterium avium in AIDS | Calcium channel blockers | (III) Idiopathic | Ascariasis | Sirolimus | Rule out lymphoma |
|
|