Weighted Least Squares Based Detail Enhanced Exposure Fusion

<table>Sensitivity analysis of lambda (<svg height="12.4375" id="M244" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5124998 12.4375" width="9.5124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M529 97q-70 -109 -136 -109q-41 0 -56 94q-23 144 -37 284q-38 -88 -99 -202.5t-93 -156.5q-26 -8 -76 -19l-9 21q71 78 145.5 193t124.5 232q-5 84 -15 128q-12 55 -29.5 75.5t-42.5 20.5q-21 0 -45 -13l-8 24q16 17 46 30t55 13q43 0 70 -46.5t40 -169.5
q27 -249 51 -392q7 -46 23 -46q24 0 70 60z" id="x1D706"></path></g>
</svg>) and free parameter (<svg height="7.9499998" id="M245" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.9499998" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M483 97q-42 -50 -88.5 -79.5t-68.5 -29.5q-37 0 -17 93l22 102h-2q-54 -79 -144 -149q-59 -46 -100 -46q-24 0 -43 29t-19 86q0 78 34.5 153t94.5 120q41 31 94 51.5t98 20.5q29 0 72 -9q26 -6 39 -6l2 -4q-30 -117 -67 -323q-8 -41 2 -41q16 0 79 58zM374 387
q-32 15 -73 15q-52 0 -83 -23q-48 -36 -78 -108.5t-30 -152.5q0 -33 8.5 -50.5t20.5 -17.5q31 0 107 79t99 132q15 40 29 126z" id="x1D44E"></path></g>
</svg>)which, respectively, control the smoothness in weight maps computed for base layers and detail layers. (a) Effectiveness of <svg height="12.4375" id="M246" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5124998 12.4375" width="9.5124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M529 97q-70 -109 -136 -109q-41 0 -56 94q-23 144 -37 284q-38 -88 -99 -202.5t-93 -156.5q-26 -8 -76 -19l-9 21q71 78 145.5 193t124.5 232q-5 84 -15 128q-12 55 -29.5 75.5t-42.5 20.5q-21 0 -45 -13l-8 24q16 17 46 30t55 13q43 0 70 -46.5t40 -169.5
q27 -249 51 -392q7 -46 23 -46q24 0 70 60z" id="x1D706"></path></g>
</svg> on <svg height="19.5" id="M247" style="vertical-align:-2.2932pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.174999 19.5" width="42.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,16.588)"><path d="M745 361q0 -134 -83.5 -233t-214.5 -130l16 -11q97 -67 250 -132l-8 -23q-76 3 -131 16q-81 19 -242 125l-20 13q-129 8 -209 91t-80 208q0 160 116 271t289 111q136 0 226.5 -83t90.5 -223zM645 356q0 127 -57.5 201.5t-169.5 74.5q-126 0 -210.5 -104.5t-84.5 -248.5
q0 -97 46 -166.5t129 -87.5l84 15l29 -19q104 21 169 121.5t65 213.5z" id="x1D444"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.113,8.425)"><path d="M716 28l-8 -28h-254l8 28q55 5 66 17.5t5 47.5l-30 145h-232l-74 -138q-21 -43 -11 -54.5t72 -17.5l-6 -28h-235l8 28q53 7 73.5 21t53.5 70l319 540l33 8q6 -43 33 -176l80 -381q10 -49 26.5 -63t72.5 -19zM495 281l-49 264h-2l-149 -264h200z" id="x1D434"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,21.834,8.425)"><path d="M594 511q0 -122 -171 -157l1 -2q158 -33 158 -159q0 -52 -34.5 -95t-90.5 -65q-76 -33 -217 -33h-223l8 28q63 5 79.5 19t26.5 72l83 426q9 48 -2.5 60t-77.5 17l6 28h259q195 0 195 -139zM499 509q0 59 -37 83t-91 24q-36 0 -51 -9q-17 -9 -22 -44l-35 -195h62
q82 0 128 37t46 104zM481 199q0 71 -48 102.5t-121 31.5h-56l-37 -201q-11 -58 7.5 -77t80.5 -19q76 0 125 44.5t49 118.5z" id="x1D435"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,29.176,8.425)"><path d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" id="x2F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.078,8.425)"><path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5
t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path></g>
</svg>, (b) effectiveness of <svg height="12.4375" id="M248" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5124998 12.4375" width="9.5124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M529 97q-70 -109 -136 -109q-41 0 -56 94q-23 144 -37 284q-38 -88 -99 -202.5t-93 -156.5q-26 -8 -76 -19l-9 21q71 78 145.5 193t124.5 232q-5 84 -15 128q-12 55 -29.5 75.5t-42.5 20.5q-21 0 -45 -13l-8 24q16 17 46 30t55 13q43 0 70 -46.5t40 -169.5
q27 -249 51 -392q7 -46 23 -46q24 0 70 60z" id="x1D706"></path></g>
</svg> on VIFF, (c) effectiveness of <svg height="7.9499998" id="M249" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.9499998" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M483 97q-42 -50 -88.5 -79.5t-68.5 -29.5q-37 0 -17 93l22 102h-2q-54 -79 -144 -149q-59 -46 -100 -46q-24 0 -43 29t-19 86q0 78 34.5 153t94.5 120q41 31 94 51.5t98 20.5q29 0 72 -9q26 -6 39 -6l2 -4q-30 -117 -67 -323q-8 -41 2 -41q16 0 79 58zM374 387
q-32 15 -73 15q-52 0 -83 -23q-48 -36 -78 -108.5t-30 -152.5q0 -33 8.5 -50.5t20.5 -17.5q31 0 107 79t99 132q15 40 29 126z" id="x1D44E"></path></g>
</svg> on <svg height="19.5" id="M250" style="vertical-align:-2.2932pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.174999 19.5" width="42.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,16.588)"><path d="M745 361q0 -134 -83.5 -233t-214.5 -130l16 -11q97 -67 250 -132l-8 -23q-76 3 -131 16q-81 19 -242 125l-20 13q-129 8 -209 91t-80 208q0 160 116 271t289 111q136 0 226.5 -83t90.5 -223zM645 356q0 127 -57.5 201.5t-169.5 74.5q-126 0 -210.5 -104.5t-84.5 -248.5
q0 -97 46 -166.5t129 -87.5l84 15l29 -19q104 21 169 121.5t65 213.5z" id="x1D444"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.113,8.425)"><path d="M716 28l-8 -28h-254l8 28q55 5 66 17.5t5 47.5l-30 145h-232l-74 -138q-21 -43 -11 -54.5t72 -17.5l-6 -28h-235l8 28q53 7 73.5 21t53.5 70l319 540l33 8q6 -43 33 -176l80 -381q10 -49 26.5 -63t72.5 -19zM495 281l-49 264h-2l-149 -264h200z" id="x1D434"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,21.834,8.425)"><path d="M594 511q0 -122 -171 -157l1 -2q158 -33 158 -159q0 -52 -34.5 -95t-90.5 -65q-76 -33 -217 -33h-223l8 28q63 5 79.5 19t26.5 72l83 426q9 48 -2.5 60t-77.5 17l6 28h259q195 0 195 -139zM499 509q0 59 -37 83t-91 24q-36 0 -51 -9q-17 -9 -22 -44l-35 -195h62
q82 0 128 37t46 104zM481 199q0 71 -48 102.5t-121 31.5h-56l-37 -201q-11 -58 7.5 -77t80.5 -19q76 0 125 44.5t49 118.5z" id="x1D435"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,29.176,8.425)"><path d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" id="x2F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.078,8.425)"><path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5
t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path></g>
</svg>, and (d) effectiveness of <svg height="7.9499998" id="M251" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.9499998" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M483 97q-42 -50 -88.5 -79.5t-68.5 -29.5q-37 0 -17 93l22 102h-2q-54 -79 -144 -149q-59 -46 -100 -46q-24 0 -43 29t-19 86q0 78 34.5 153t94.5 120q41 31 94 51.5t98 20.5q29 0 72 -9q26 -6 39 -6l2 -4q-30 -117 -67 -323q-8 -41 2 -41q16 0 79 58zM374 387
q-32 15 -73 15q-52 0 -83 -23q-48 -36 -78 -108.5t-30 -152.5q0 -33 8.5 -50.5t20.5 -17.5q31 0 107 79t99 132q15 40 29 126z" id="x1D44E"></path></g>
</svg> on VIFF.</table>

International Scholarly Research Notices

Weighted Least Squares Based Detail Enhanced Exposure Fusion

Figure 9