Research Article

The Occurrence of Laryngeal Penetration and Aspiration in Patients with Glottal Closure Insufficiency

Table 2

Penetration-aspiration scale.

Category Score Descriptions

No penetration or aspiration1Contrast does not enter the airway

Penetration2Contrast enters the airway and remains above vocal folds; no residue
3Contrast remains above vocal folds; visible residue remains
4Contrast contacts vocal folds; no residue
5Contrast contacts vocal folds; visible residue remains

Aspiration6Contrast passes glottis; no subglottic residue visible
7Contrast passes glottis; visible subglottic residue despite patient’s response
8Contrast passes glottis; visible subglottic residue; absent patient response