Undiagnosed Diabetes in Breast, Colorectal, Lung, and Prostate Cancer: Incidence and Risk Factors

Table 4

Multivariate analyses of undiagnosed diabetes (all 3 measures of prior health system contact in each model).

	Type of cancer
	Breast			Colorectal			Lung			Prostate
	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Age at diagnosis (years)
67–70	Reference
71–75	1.18	0.83	1.70	1.16	0.91	1.47	1.05	0.86	1.27	0.88	0.66	1.16
76–80	1.28	0.90	1.84	1.06	0.83	1.35	0.98	0.81	1.20	0.91	0.68	1.23
>80	1.28	0.91	1.81	1.15	0.91	1.45	0.86	0.70	1.06	1.37	1.03	1.82
Gender
Male	Not applicable			Reference						Not applicable
Female	Not applicable			0.86	0.75	0.99	0.95	0.83	1.08	Not applicable
Race/ethnicity
White	Reference
Black	1.63	1.17	2.28	1.37	1.08	1.75	1.38	1.11	1.73	0.86	0.61	1.21
Hispanic	1.12	0.65	1.91	1.38	1.02	1.87	1.62	1.18	2.22	1.49	1.03	2.16
Other	1.39	0.83	2.33	1.48	1.11	1.96	1.43	1.06	1.92	0.80	0.50	1.26
Year of diagnosis
1999	Reference
2000	0.78	0.56	1.10	1.12	0.89	1.42	0.87	0.71	1.08	0.97	0.72	1.31
2001	0.98	0.71	1.35	1.30	1.03	1.63	0.88	0.72	1.09	0.84	0.62	1.14
2002	0.94	0.67	1.30	1.23	0.97	1.55	0.97	0.78	1.19	0.80	0.59	1.09
Percent in census tract with some college
<25%	Reference
≥25%	0.77	0.61	0.95	0.89	0.77	1.02	0.86	0.75	0.99	0.89	0.72	1.10
Percent in census tract living in poverty
<5%	Reference
5–7%	1.37	0.95	1.97	0.98	0.77	1.24	1.01	0.81	1.27	1.20	0.85	1.69
8–12%	1.40	1.01	1.94	1.11	0.91	1.35	1.08	0.89	1.31	1.44	1.08	1.92
>12%	1.68	1.24	2.28	1.20	0.99	1.44	1.06	0.86	1.32	1.41	1.06	1.87
Type of geographic area
Large metropolitan	Reference
Metropolitan	1.04	0.81	1.34	0.90	0.77	1.07	0.82	0.70	0.96	0.82	0.64	1.04
Urban	1.27	0.84	1.92	1.03	0.77	1.36	0.83	0.63	1.10	0.92	0.69	1.40
less urban/rural	0.89	0.61	1.31	1.04	0.83	1.31	1.07	0.86	1.32	1.10	0.81	1.49
NCIcomorbidityindex
0	Reference
1	1.11	0.85	1.46	0.90	0.75	1.08	0.94	0.80	1.10	0.81	0.61	1.08
≥2	1.28	0.90	1.80	1.01	0.81	1.25	0.88	0.73	1.06	1.02	0.72	1.45
Preventive services
0	Reference
1	0.67	0.51	0.87	0.77	0.65	0.92	1.11	0.93	1.33	0.80	0.61	1.04
≥2	0.34	0.26	0.46	0.58	0.48	0.70	0.91	0.76	1.10	0.48	0.36	0.63
Types of physician visits
None	Reference
Primary care and medical specialist	0.36	0.26	0.51	0.56	0.45	0.69	52	0.42	0.65	0.41	0.29	0.56
Primary care, no medical specialist	0.43	0.30	0.62	0.59	0.47	0.75	0.64	0.50	0.80	0.67	0.48	0.94
Medical specialist, no primary care	0.74	0.52	1.06	0.78	0.62	0.99	0.73	0.57	0.93	0.69	0.50	0.96
Other specialist only	1.06	0.66	1.71	0.87	0.60	1.27	0.93	0.65	1.33	0.89	0.53	1.49

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.