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| Name | Strategy | Tawhiji () | High School Diploma () | IB () | A-level () | Other () | ( value) |
| M | S.D | M | S.D | M | S.D | M | S.D | M | S.D | Sig |
|
| COG1 | I often write in Arabic (or if different—my native language) | 3.66 | 1.072 | 2.14 | 1.195 | 2.63 | 1.598 | 1.75 | 0.866 | 1.80 | 0.862 | 0.000 |
| COG2 | I often write in English | 3.68 | 0.852 | 4.48 | 1.078 | 4.50 | 0.756 | 4.75 | 0.452 | 4.47 | 0.743 | 0.000 |
| COG3 | I like to write a draft in Arabic (or if different—my native language) first and then translate it into English | 1.92 | 0.941 | 2.24 | 1.609 | 1.13 | 0.354 | 1.33 | 0.888 | 1.33 | 0.724 | 0.020 |
| COG4 | I edit for content (ideas) | 3.55 | 1.132 | 3.62 | 1.284 | 3.75 | 1.165 | 3.50 | 1.314 | 3.29 | 1.204 | 0.936 |
| COG5 | I edit my organization | 4.08 | 0.850 | 3.38 | 1.465 | 3.75 | 1.389 | 3.67 | 1.303 | 2.93 | 1.207 | 0.049 |
| COG6 | I like to change and make ideas clearer when I write | 4.18 | 0.955 | 3.57 | 1.363 | 4.13 | 0.835 | 4.09 | 1.300 | 3.92 | 0.760 | 0.399 |
| COG7 | I go back to my writing to edit and change the content (ideas) | 3.34 | 1.321 | 3.57 | 1.287 | 4.25 | 0.886 | 3.42 | 0.996 | 3.29 | 1.326 | 0.400 |
| COG8 | I go back to my writing to edit and change my organization | 3.42 | 1.130 | 3.57 | 1.165 | 3.87 | 1.246 | 3.17 | 1.403 | 3.36 | 0.929 | 0.693 |
| MET1 | I read my feedback from my previous writing | 3.55 | 1.179 | 3.76 | 1.091 | 4.25 | 0.886 | 3.50 | 1.243 | 3.67 | 1.447 | 0.601 |
| MET2 | I consider the tasks and instructions carefully before writing | 3.97 | 0.972 | 3.75 | 1.251 | 4.13 | 0.991 | 3.50 | 1.382 | 3.57 | 0.852 | 0.517 |
| MET3 | I brainstorm ideas and write notes | 3.74 | 1.131 | 3.48 | 1.209 | 4.25 | 0.886 | 3.75 | 0.965 | 3.33 | 1.234 | 0.365 |
| MET4 | I use my background (world) knowledge to help me with ideas | 4.42 | 0.889 | 3.86 | 1.352 | 4.75 | 0.463 | 3.42 | 1.505 | 4.00 | 0.784 | 0.023 |
| MET5 | I makes notes and plan in Arabic before writing | 2.63 | 1.282 | 2.43 | 1.502 | 2.13 | 1.553 | 1.67 | 1.371 | 1.73 | 1.335 | 0.039 |
| MET6 | I makes notes and plan in English before writing | 3.39 | 1.028 | 3.43 | 1.363 | 4.25 | 0.707 | 3.50 | 1.382 | 3.87 | 1.246 | 0.274 |
| MET7 | I make a timetable for when I will do my writing | 2.45 | 1.179 | 2.86 | 1.389 | 2.88 | 1.246 | 2.75 | 1.138 | 3.00 | 1.069 | 0.586 |
| MET8 | I like to write a draft in English | 3.26 | 1.131 | 3.86 | 1.389 | 3.37 | 1.685 | 3.83 | 1.642 | 3.73 | 1.534 | 0.265 |
| MET9 | I don't write a draft | 2.05 | 1.161 | 2.71 | 1.271 | 2.25 | 1.035 | 2.67 | 1.303 | 2.53 | 1.125 | 0.211 |
| MET10 | I use the feedback to improve my writing next time | 3.37 | 1.239 | 3.86 | 1.195 | 4.00 | 1.195 | 3.75 | 1.215 | 3.14 | 1.167 | 0.291 |
| CP1 | I like to edit my work as I am writing | 3.42 | 1.328 | 3.71 | 1.189 | 4.50 | 0.535 | 3.50 | 1.314 | 3.71 | 1.069 | 0.241 |
| CP2 | I like to edit my work when I have finished writing my draft | 3.84 | 1.242 | 3.52 | 1.327 | 3.38 | 1.598 | 3.18 | 1.662 | 3.67 | 1.345 | 0.727 |
| CP3 | I use a dictionary to check words I am not sure about while I am writing | 3.58 | 1.426 | 2.95 | 1.359 | 2.50 | 1.309 | 2.75 | 1.485 | 3.47 | 1.356 | 0.127 |
| CP4 | I don't use a dictionary until I have finished writing my draft | 2.11 | 1.110 | 2.29 | 1.231 | 2.38 | 1.598 | 1.82 | 1.250 | 1.93 | 1.223 | 0.708 |
| CP5 | I use a grammar book to check things I am not sure about while I am writing | 1.97 | 1.197 | 2.00 | 1.342 | 1.13 | 0.354 | 1.50 | 1.168 | 2.29 | 1.204 | 0.095 |
| CP6 | I don’t use a grammar book until I have finished my draft | 2.26 | 1.369 | 2.67 | 1.770 | 2.38 | 1.923 | 1.83 | 1.528 | 2.07 | 1.207 | 0.705 |
| CP7 | I edit for grammar, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation | 4.08 | 1.100 | 3.81 | 1.167 | 4.00 | 1.414 | 3.00 | 1.477 | 2.86 | 1.406 | 0.016 |
| CP8 | I use an English-Arabic dictionary (if different—my native language), Arabic (if different—my native language)—English dictionary | 3.21 | 1.379 | 2.57 | 1.568 | 1.88 | 1.356 | 2.18 | 1.537 | 2.07 | 1.269 | 0.026 |
| CP9 | I use an English-English dictionary | 3.59 | 1.301 | 3.29 | 1.419 | 3.00 | 2.138 | 3.67 | 1.670 | 3.64 | 1.550 | 0.839 |
| CP10 | I go back to my writing to edit and change the grammar, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation with a grammar book or a dictionary | 3.00 | 1.162 | 3.14 | 1.276 | 2.00 | 1.604 | 2.42 | 1.084 | 2.57 | 1.505 | 0.142 |
| CP11 | I go back to my writing to edit and change the grammar, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation without a grammar book or a dictionary | 3.29 | 1.250 | 3.81 | 1.209 | 4.25 | 0.707 | 3.00 | 1.279 | 3.36 | 1.151 | 0.081 |
| MEM1 | I read my lesson notes, handouts and course requirements before writing | 3.63 | 1.076 | 3.81 | 0.873 | 3.38 | 0.744 | 3.75 | 1.055 | 3.53 | 1.356 | 0.837 |
| MEM2 | I make notes or try to remember the feedback I get from my work. | 3.32 | 1.297 | 3.48 | 1.209 | 3.00 | 1.512 | 3.58 | 1.311 | 3.36 | 1.336 | 0.900 |
| MEM3 | I record the types of errors I made (e.g. grammar, vocabulary, organization) | 2.21 | 1.339 | 2.86 | 1.276 | 2.13 | 0.991 | 2.83 | 1.697 | 2.50 | 1.286 | 0.338 |
| S1 | I discuss what I am going to write with other students or teachers. | 2.95 | 1.012 | 3.19 | 1.209 | 3.12 | 1.126 | 2.55 | 0.934 | 2.80 | 1.014 | 0.530 |
| S2 | I like to discuss my work with other students or teachers when I finish | 3.08 | 1.217 | 3.00 | 1.225 | 3.13 | 1.356 | 3.33 | 1.371 | 3.07 | 1.328 | 0.98 |
| A1 | I try to write in a comfortable, quiet place where I can concentrate | 4.16 | 1.263 | 3.71 | 1.347 | 4.62 | 0.518 | 4.33 | 1.155 | 4.07 | 1.163 | 0.404 |
| A2 | I give myself a reward when I have finished | 2.92 | 1.363 | 3.33 | 1.560 | 2.63 | 1.685 | 3.58 | 1.564 | 2.71 | 1.590 | 0.403 |
| N1 | I like to start writing immediately without a plan | 2.26 | 1.288 | 2.48 | 1.327 | 2.13 | 0.641 | 2.67 | 1.371 | 3.00 | 1.309 | 0.295 |
| N2 | When I have finished my work I don't look at it again; it is finished | 1.92 | 1.148 | 2.67 | 1.426 | 1.63 | 0.916 | 2.00 | 1.651 | 2.50 | 1.225 | 0.119 |
| N3 | I don't usually remember the feedback I get | 2.55 | 1.032 | 2.33 | 1.354 | 2.38 | 0.744 | 2.42 | 1.730 | 2.00 | 1.109 | 0.531 |
| CWS | Cognitive Writing Strategies | 3.48 | 0.571 | 3.32 | 0.541 | 3.50 | 0.555 | 3.20 | 0.525 | 3.02 | 0.439 | 0.080 |
| MWS | Metacognitive Writing Strategies | 3.28 | 0.495 | 3.39 | 0.597 | 3.62 | 0.305 | 3.23 | 0.531 | 3.25 | 0.498 | 0.361 |
| CP | Compensation Writing Strategies | 3.12 | 0.587 | 3.07 | 0.593 | 2.85 | 0.543 | 2.63 | 0.468 | 2.83 | 0.779 | 0.067 |
| MEMS | Memory Writing Strategies | 3.05 | 0.777 | 3.38 | 0.784 | 2.83 | 0.959 | 3.39 | 0.886 | 3.04 | 0.999 | 0.442 |
| SWS | Social Writing Strategies | 3.01 | 0.911 | 3.10 | 1.146 | 3.12 | 1.026 | 2.95 | 0.782 | 2.87 | 1.093 | 0.943 |
| AWS | Affective Writing Strategies | 3.54 | 0.954 | 3.52 | 1.239 | 3.63 | 0.916 | 3.96 | 0.753 | 3.37 | 1.093 | 0.661 |
| NWS | Negative Writing Strategies | 2.25 | 0.722 | 2.49 | 0.923 | 2.04 | 0.518 | 2.36 | 1.410 | 2.53 | 0.824 | 0.485 |
| OWS | Overall Writing Strategies | 3.18 | 0.390 | 3.21 | 0.454 | 3.17 | 0.153 | 3.02 | 0.240 | 3.00 | 0.465 | 0.358 |
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