Prior-Cancer Diagnosis in Men with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Prostate-Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality

Table 3

Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for patient and treatment factors.

Patient and treatment factors	Number of men	Number of events	Univariate analysis; (HR with 95% CI)		Multivariate analysis; (AHR with 95% CI)
			Unadjusted HR	𝑃 value	Adjusted HR	𝑃 value
Age at diagnosis in years	166104	12453	1.09 (1.089, 1.093)	<0.001	1.05 (1.046, 1.051)	<0.001
PSA level in ng/mL at diagnosis; (per log unit increase)	166104	12453	2.09 (2.06, 2.13)	<0.001	1.38 (1.36, 1.41)	<0.001
Gleason score
<6	78385	3571	1 (ref)	—	1 (ref)	—
7	62545	4048	1.49 (1.42, 1.56)	<0.001	1.35 (1.29, 1.42)	<0.001
8–10	25174	4834	4.76 (4.56, 4.97)	<0.001	2.46 (2.34, 2.58)	<0.001
Tumor stage at diagnosis
1c	62405	5198	1 (ref.)	—	1 (ref.)	—
2a–2c	88064	5726	0.75 (0.73, 0.78)	<0.001	0.98 (0.94, 1.02)	0.28
3-4	15635	1529	1.17 (1.11, 1.24)	<0.001	1.30 (1.22, 1.38)	<0.001
Race
African American	20316	1950	1.36 (1.30, 1.43)	<0.001	1.45 (1.38, 1.52)	<0.001
Other	145788	10503	1 (ref.)	—	1 (ref.)	—
Year of diagnosis in years	166104	12453	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	<0.001	0.96 (0.94, 0.98)	<0.001
Management approach
Curative	124628	5077	1 (ref.)	—	1 (ref.)	—
Other Rx	4076	1023	6.90 (6.45, 7.37)	<0.001	3.50 (3.25, 3.75)	<0.001
Watchful-waiting/active surveillance	37400	6353	4.62 (4.46, 4.80)	<0.001	2.61 (2.50, 2.72)	<0.001
History of prior cancer at time of PC diagnosis
No	164647	12050	1 (ref.)	—	1 (ref.)	—
Yes	1457	403	4.08 (3.69, 4.50)	<0.001	2.92 (2.64, 3.23)	<0.001

HR: Hazard ratio. CI: Confidence Interval. Dx: diagnosis. HR: Hazard ratio. PC: prostate cancer. Ref: reference. Rx: treatment.