Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives

Table 2

TNM staging system for iCCAs (7th edition).

Stage	Tumor	Node	Metastasis
I	T1	N0	M0
II	T2	N0	M0
III	T3	N0	M0
IVA	T4	N0-N1	M0
IVB	T1–T4	N0-N1	M1

T1: solitary tumor without vascular invasion; T2: solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors with/without vascular invasion; T3: tumor or tumors perforate visceral peritoneum or local hepatic structures; T4: tumor with periductal invasion.
N0: no regional lymph node metastasis; N1: regional lymph node metastasis.
M0: no distant metastasis; M1: distant metastasis.