Research Article
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Traditional Cosmetics Sold in Tunisian Local Markets
Table 2
Descriptive statistical summary of heavy metal concentration (mean ± SD) in kohl and henna in µg g−1.
| | Product type | Origin | Color | Pb | Cd | Zn | Cu |
| | Kohl (surma) | | | | | | | | | Local | | | | | | | S1 | Tunisia | Black | 1954.9 ± 7.62 | 152.1 ± 4.1 | 21.0 ± 0.1 | 82.5 ± 0.1 | | S2 | Tunisia | Black | 3759.0 ± 9.83 | 81.9 ± 5.3 | 14.5 ± 0.1 | 52.5 ± 0.2 | | S3 | Tunisia | Black | 1504.9 ± 7.62 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 107.5 ± 0.5 | 162.5 ± 2.1 | | S4 | Tunisia | Black | 135.9 ± 1.36 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 102.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | | S5 | Tunisia | Black | 2745.5 ± 19.06 | 109.7 ± 4.4 | 137.5 ± 1.0 | 135 ± 0.1 | | Mean ± SD () | | | 2020.0 ± 9.09 | 71.1 ± 2.9 | 76.6 ± 0.4 | 87.0 ± 0.5 | | | Foreign | | | | | | | S6 | India | Dark black | 2483.6 ± 9.85 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 25.0 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | | S7 | Pakistan | Dark black | 101 ± 1.36 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 112.5 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | | S8 | China | Dark Black | 240.8 ± 1.48 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | | S9 | France | Dark black | 51.1 ± 2.1 | ND | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | | S10 | India | Dark black | 4839.5 ± 4.07 | 158.6 ± 7.7 | 185.0 ± 1.5 | 15.0 ± 0.2 | | S11 | Saudi Arabia | Dark black | 3379.9 ± 14.98 | 71.8 ± 2.4 | 175.0 ± 1.2 | 10.0 ± 0.1 | | Mean ± SD () | | | 1849.3 ± 5.32 | 47.9 ± 2.4 | 83.6 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.2 | | Overall mean ± SD () | | | | | | | | Overall min | | | 51.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 2.5 | | Overall max | | | 4839.5 | 158.6 | 185.0 | 162.5 |
| | Henna | | | | | | | | | Local | | | | | | | H1 | Tunisia | Green | 6.7 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 55.0 ± 0.2 | ND | | H2 | Tunisia | Red/light brown | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 12.9 ± 0.6 | 47.0 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | | H3 | Tunisia | Green | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | ND | | H4 | Tunisia | Green | 2.7 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 10.0 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | | H5 | Tunisia | Green | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | | H6 | Tunisia | Green | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 12.5 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | | Mean ± SD () | | | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 22.7 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | | | Foreign | | | | | | | H7 | Sudan | Green | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 21.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | | H8 | India | Green | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 14.9 ± 0.6 | 15.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | | H9 | Yemen | Green | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 18.6 ± 0.7 | 47.5 ± 0.2 | ND | | H10 | Libya | Green | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 18.1 ± 0.8 | 90.0 ± 0.2 | ND | | H11 | Libya | Green | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | | H12 | Pakistan | Green | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | | Mean ± SD () | | | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 30.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | | Overall mean ± SD () | | | | | | | | Overall min | | | 1.2 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 0.5 | | Overall max | | | 8.9 | 18.6 | 90.0 | 3.3 |
|
|
