Review Article
The Pivotal Role of Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma Pathophysiology
Table 1
Stimuli used to assess airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in vivo.
| AHR | Mechanisms | Types | Stimuli |
| Nonspecific | Direct | Pharmacological | Methacholine [22] | Histamine [23] |
| Nonspecific | Indirect | Physical | Exercise [24] | Cold air, dry air [25] | Eucapnic hyperventilation [26] | Hypo osmolar solution [27] |
| Nonspecific | Indirect | Chemical | Adenosine monophosphate [28] | Mannitol [27] |
| Specific | Indirect | Allergen | Pollens, House dust mites [29] |
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