| | Factors | References |
| | Cell adhesion/costimulatory molecules, receptors | | | CD11a | [117] | | CD40 (TNFRSF5), CD40L (TNFSF5), CD44 | [118] | | CD80, CD86 | [117] | | OX40L (TNFSF4) | [119] | | Adhesion molecules: ICAM-1, VCAM-1 | [118] | | Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II | [120] | | Toll-like receptors: TLR2, 3, 4 | [121] | | Chemokine receptors: CCR3, 7 | [122] | | Chemokine receptors: CXCR1, 3, 4 | [122] | | Receptors for IL-4, 6, 12, 13, 17, 22 and IFN-γ | [116, 123] | | Chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors | | | CCL2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 17, 19 | [124–128] | | CXCL8, 10 | [129, 130] | | CX3CL1 | [55] | | IL-2, 5, 6, 11, 12 | [57, 131] | | Interferon- (IFN-) γ | [57] | | Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) | [132] | | Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | [133] | | Stem cell factor (SCF) | [134] | | Transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 | [135] | | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | [136] | | ECM proteins | | | Chondroitin sulfate | [137] | | Collagens I, III, IV, V | [137] | | Decorin, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan | [137] | | Thrombospondin | [137] | | Tissue inhibitor of MMPs- (TIMPs-) 1, 2 | [138] | | Enzymes | | | Matrix-metalloproteinases- (MMPs-) 9, 12 | [139] |
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