The Pivotal Role of Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma Pathophysiology

Table 6

Promigratory factors for human ASM cells.

Factors	References
Growth factors/cytokines/chemokines
FGF2, PDGF, TGF-α (TNFSF2), TGF-β	[229, 230]
IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22	[123, 230]
CCL5, 11, 19	[128, 231, 232]
CXCL8	[231]
Leukotriene E4	[233]
ECM components
Collagens I, III, V	[233]
Fibronectin, laminin	[233]
Enzymes
Matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-)3	[234]
Others
Thrombin	[235]
Urokinase plaminogen activator	[236]