Lung Dendritic Cell Developmental Programming, Environmental Stimuli, and Asthma in Early Periods of Life

Table 1

DC subsets in patients with asthma.

Clinical Condition	Altered DC phenotypes	References
Asthma	pDC (HLA-DR+, CD123+) increased in BALF; mDC (HLA-DR+, CD11c+) increased in BALF	[99]
Allergic asthma	mDC (BDCA-3+, mannose receptor+) increased in BALF	[100]
Allergic asthma	pDC (BDCA4+) with increased FcεRI in blood; mDC (CD1c+) with increased FcεRI in blood	[101, 102]
Asthma	Increased DC proportions in peripheral blood	[103]
Allergic asthma patients challenged with allergen	Increased pDC and mDC in sputum	[104]
Asthma	Increase in pDC1 and pDC2 expressing FcεRI	[105]
Repeated exposure to allergen	Depletion of mDCs	[23]
Asthmatic children	DC2 (CD11c−, CD123high+) decreased in blood	[106]
Asthmatic patients	Increased CD1a+ cells in bronchial mucosa	[107]
Experimentally elicited allergic rhinitis	pDC increased in nasal mucosa	[108]
Asthma	pDC increased; decreased mDC : pDC ratio in blood	[109]
Children with asthma	Deficiency of circulating pDC	[110]
Atopic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis	Increased FcεRI on DC (CD1+)	[111]

Abbreviations: BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, mDC: myeloid DC, pDC: plasmacytoid DC, BDCA: blood dendritic cell antigen.