Genetic interactions of TDP-43/TBPH. (a) Schematic representation describing the effects of valosin-containing protein (VCP7) gene overexpression on TDP-43-toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. (b) Schematic representation describing the effects of FUS/TLS gene overexpression on TDP-43-toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. (c) Schematic representation describing the effects of UBQLN gene overexpression on TDP-43-toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. The lines of evidence supporting the genetic interaction between the TDP-43 and these other genes are schematically summarized.