Understanding Nonprescription and Prescription Drug Misuse in Late Adolescence/Young Adulthood
Table 3
Results of binary logistic regression analyses predicting misuse from risk perception, societal stigma, and access.
Prescription
Nonprescription
No Distinction
Pain OR (95% CI)
Sedatives and Tranquilizers OR (95% CI)
Stimulants OR (95% CI)
Pain OR (95% CI)
Sleep OR (95% CI)
Cough/Cold OR (95% CI)
Step 1
(.06)
(.10)
(.08)
(.02)
(.03)
(.04)
Age
1.06 (.75, 1.49)
1.20 (.76, 1.88)
1.73** (1.27, 2.36)
1.03 (.75, 1.41)
.85 (.47, 1.54)
1.21(.89, 1.66)
Gender
.68 (.37, 1.25)
.59 (.24, 1.44)
.94 (.48, 1.84)
.61 (.35, 1.06)
1.65 (.63, 4.34)
.54 (.28, 1.04)
Ethnicitya
Black
.20** (.07, .56)
.16** (.04, .63)
.50 (.13, 1.88)
2.54 (.33, 19.71)
.75 (.09, 6.02)
.00b
Asian
.00b
.00b
.00b
.95 (.05, 16.50)
.74 (.04, 12.95)
.00b
Hispanic
.19 (.03, 1.10)
.22 (.02, 2.37)
.18 (.02, 2.114)
3.63 (.37, 36.83)
.00b
.00b
Other
.30 (.09, 1.03)
.67 (.15, 2.96)
.32 (.06, 1.66)
2.67 (.31, 23.19)
1.02 (.11, 9.92)
.00b
Step 2
(.28)
(.31)
(.31)
(.30)
(.29)
(.27)
Age
1.00 (.66, 1.51)
.90 (.45, 1.80)
2.18*** (1.48, 3.21)
.94 (.65, 1.35)
.77 (.42, 1.40)
1.28 (.89, 1.83)
Gender
.96 (.47, 1.99)
.49 (.15, 1.54)
1.23 (.55, 2.72)
.67 (.35, 1.26)
1.64 (.56, 4.80)
.52 (.25, 1.10)
Ethnicitya
Black
.23* (.07, .76)
.09** (.02, .54)
.66 (.13, 3.41)
2.52 (.29, 21.93)
.38 (.04, 4.11)
.00b
Asian
.00b
.00b
.00b
.65 (.03, 13.66)
1.53 (.06, 40.06)
.00b
Hispanic
.09* (.01, .72)
.18 (.01, 3.15)
.21 (.01, 3.41)
3.35 (.28, 40.55)
.00b
.00b
Other
.29 (.07, 1.22)
.48 (.08, 3.07)
.85 (.12, 6.00)
.62 (.25, 1.51)
1.21 (.09, 17.02)
.00b
PR
.78* (.64, .96)
.63** (.46, .87)
.71** (.56, .91)
.84 (.67, 1.04)
.91 (.69, 1.20)
1.00 (.79, 1.27)
PSSD
1.42 (.42, 4.89)
.28 (.07, 1.14)
.62 (.19, 2.02)
.62 (.25, 1.51)
.56 (.14, 2.28)
.65 (.23, 1.81)
PSS:
Parent
.92 (.63, 1.34)
21.03* (1.9, 229.7)
.77 (.52, 1.15)
1.08 (.77, 1.51)
.81 (.49, 1.34)
.93 (.64, 1.35)
Peer
.52*** (.36, .75)
.84 (.47, 1.50)
.56** (.36, .87)
.70 (.48, 1.02)
.69 (.39, 1.19)
.52** (.34, .79)
Peer use
1.12 (.97, 1.32)
1.50** (1.16, 1.94)
1.15 (.98, 1.35)
1.24*** (1.12, 1.36)
1.14 (.89, 1.46)
1.19** (1.06, 1.33)
Access
School
2.09* (1.01, 4.35)
1.87 (.60, 5.76)
1.54 (.65, 3.63)
1.26 (.64, 2.47)
1.03 (.36, 2.90)
1.55 (.73, 3.30)
Home
1.69 (.84, 3.42)
3.57 (.75, 16.90)
1.14 (.36, 3.57)
.10 (.01, 1.27)
16.5 (3.4, 79.1)***
.00b
PR: perceived risk; PSS: perceived societal stigma; PSSD: prescription safer than street drug; : change in Nagelkerke at each step; aWhite/Caucasian is the comparison group; bodds ratio cannot be computed due to extremely large standard error.
*
, **, ***.