Research Article

Measuring Problematic Mobile Phone Use: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the PUMP Scale

Table 2

PUMP Scale item analysis.

ItemM (SD)RangeCorrected item total correlationAlpha if item deleted

When I decrease the amount of time spent using my cell phone I feel less satisfied. (Tolerance) 1.61 (.96)1–5.68.933
Tolerance—I need more time using my cell phone to feel satisfied than I used to need. (Tolerance) 1.53 (.84)1–5.65.933
When I stop using my cell phone, I get moody and irritable. (Withdrawal) 1.43 (.83)1–5.72.933
It would be very difficult, emotionally, to give up my cell phone. (Withdrawal) 2.36 (1.36)1–5.62.934
The amount of time I spend using my cell phone keeps me from doing other important work. (Longer time than intended) 1.70 (.99)1–5.74.932
I have thought in the past that it is not normal to spend as much time using a cell phone as I do. (Longer time than intended) 1.73 (1.06)1–5.57.934
I think I might be spending too much time using my cell phone. (Great deal of timespent) 1.67 (1.09)1–5.72.932
People tell me I spend too much time using my cell phone. (Great deal of time spent) 1.60 (1.08)1–5.74.931
When I am not using my cell phone, I am thinking about using it or planning the next time I can use it. (Craving) 1.86 (1.07)1–5.75.931
I feel anxious if I have not received a call or message in some time. (Craving) 2.23 (1.23)1–5.67.932
I have ignored the people I’m with in order to use my cell phone. (Activities given up or reduced) 2.09 (1.28)1–5.72.931
I have used my cell phone when I knew I should be doing work/schoolwork. (Activities given up or reduced) 2.73 (1.56)1–5.68.933
I have used my cell phone when I knew I should be sleeping. (Use despite physical or psychological problems) 2.66 (1.64)1–5.64.934
When I stop using my cell phone because it is interfering with my life, I usually return to it. (Use despite physical or psychological problems) 1.85 (1.10)1–5.67.933
I have gotten into trouble at work or school because of my cell phone use. (Failure to fulfill role obligations) 2.00 (1.38)1–5.56.935
At times, I find myself using my cell phone instead of spending time with people who are important to me and want to spend time with me. (Failure to fulfill role obligations) 1.65 (.96)1–5.74.932
I have used my cell phone when I knew it was dangerous to do so. (Use in physically hazardous situations) 2.45 (1.41)1–5.55.935
I have almost caused an accident because of my cell phone use. (Use in physically hazardous situations) 2.13 (1.32)1–5.51.936
My cell phone use has caused me problems in a relationship. (Use despite social or interpersonal problems) 1.53 (1.02)1–5.43.936
I have continued to use my cell phone even when someone asked me to stop. (Use despite social or interpersonal problems) 1.69 (1.15)1–5.56.934

Note: item responses ranged from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree.