|
| Characteristics | Unadjusted OR (CI 95%) for variables with | Adjusted OR (CI 95%)a for variables with |
|
| Age | 0.96 (0.93–0.99)* | 0.93 (0.87–0.99)* |
| Income level | | |
| <$20,000 | Reference | |
| $20,000–$35,000 | 0.95 (0.46–1.95) | |
| $35,000–$50,000 | 0.78 (0.38–1.59) | |
| $50,000–$100,000 | 0.60 (0.29–1.23) | |
| >$100,000 | 0.40 (0.16–1.01) | |
| Smoked cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars in the last 30 days | | |
| Yes | 2.31 (1.39–3.82)** | 4.38 (1.86–10.31)*** |
| No | Reference | Reference |
| The social acceptability of using a waterpipe among your peers? | | |
| None | Reference | |
| Low | 0.82 (0.34–1.98) | |
| Medium | 1.09 (0.48–2.45) | |
| High | 0.58 (0.24–1.37) | |
| The cultural acceptability of using a waterpipe among your family members? | | |
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Low | 0.69 (0.34–1.40) | 2.24 (0.51–9.74) |
| Medium | 0.31 (0.15–0.64)* | 0.43 (0.18–0.99)* |
| High | 0.35 (0.15–0.81)* | 0.33 (0.05–1.98) |
| The cultural acceptability of using a waterpipe among friends of your ethnicity? | | |
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Low | 1.18 (0.45–3.04) | 0.70 (0.11–4.16) |
| Medium | 0.67 (0.29–1.52) | 0.20 (0.03–1.03) |
| High | 0.39 (0.17–0.91)** | 0.13 (1.09–10.64)* |
| How often do you attend Middle Eastern gatherings where waterpipe are served? | | |
| Daily | Reference | |
| Weekly | 0.51 (0.26–1.00) | |
| Monthly | 0.69 (0.33–1.43) | |
| Yearly | 0.69 (0.28–1.69) | |
| How cool do your peers look when they use the waterpipe? | | |
| Not at all | Reference | |
| Cool | 1.10 (0.65–1.86) | |
| Very cool | 0.46 (0.18–1.15) | |
| How often you smoke tobacco using a waterpipe? | | |
| At least once a year but not monthly | Reference | |
| At least once a month but not weekly | 0.69 (0.33–1.43) | |
| At least once a week but not daily | 0.49 (0.24–0.97)* | |
| At least once a day, or most days each month | 0.41 (0.18–0.90)* | |
| How long did a typical “waterpipe session” last? | | |
| 0–30 minutes | Reference | Reference |
| 31–60 minutes | 0.56 (0.31–1.02) | 0.41 (0.16–1.06) |
| 61–90 minutes | 0.22 (0.10–0.47)* | 0.270 (0.09–0.77)* |
| 91–120 minutes | 0.28 (0.09–0.81)* | 0.044 (0.00–0.93)* |
| 120+ minutes | 0.22 (0.06–0.82)* | 0.234 (0.02–2.80) |
| Do you usually share the waterpipe with others? | | |
| Yes | 1.65 (0.96–2.85) | |
| No | Reference | |
| Number of times you could stop waterpipe for more than 7 days | | |
| None | Reference | Reference |
| Once | 4.71 (1.73–12.82)** | 6.60 (1.32–32.96)* |
| Several times | 1.64 (0.73–3.66) | 2.36 (0.55–10.07) |
| It always happens | 1.61 (0.73–3.54) | 1.34 (0.33–5.35) |
| Do you smoke waterpipe when you are seriously ill? | | |
| Yes, absolutely | Reference | Reference |
| Yes, probably | 1.19 (0.30–4.67) | 0.06 (0.01–1.42) |
| Yes, maybe | 0.89 (0.22–3.50) | 0.15 (0.01–1.36) |
| No | 0.51 (0.17–1.52) | 6.50 (1.40–30.09)** |
| Do you smoke waterpipe for pleasure? | | |
| Yes, absolutely | Reference | |
| Yes, probably | 1.77 (0.93–3.38) | |
| Yes, maybe | 1.43 (0.72–2.82) | |
| No | 3.00 (1.47–6.10)* | |
| Do you smoke waterpipe to please others? | | |
| Yes, absolutely | Reference | |
| Yes, probably | 2.01 (0.54–7.49) | |
| Yes, maybe | 0.97 (0.26–3.49) | |
| No | 0.58 (0.20–1.64)** | |
| The likelihood of getting addicted when using a waterpipe socially | | |
| None | Reference | |
| Low | 1.02 (0.50–2.05) | |
| Medium | 1.41 (0.69–2.87) | |
| High | 0.96 (0.40–2.28) | |
| The likelihood of getting addicted when using a waterpipe by oneself | | |
| None | Reference | |
| Low | 0.87 (0.44–1.73) | |
| Medium | 1.53 (0.77–3.04) | |
| High | 1.47 (0.64–3.37) | |
| Do you believe smoking a waterpipe is harmful to your health? | | |
| Yes | 1.44 (0.66–3.14) | |
| No | Reference | |
| Compared to a regular cigarette, how harmful do you think waterpipe smoking is? | | |
| More harmful than cigarettes | Reference | Reference |
| As harmful as cigarettes | 0.90 (0.51–1.56) | 1.16 (0.61–2.22) |
| Less harmful than cigarettes | 0.33 (0.17–0.64)*** | 0.37 (0.17–0.80)** |
|
