Research Article
Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults
Table 1
Baseline subject characteristics by study group (opioid dependent versus control).
| | Characteristic | Opioid dependent
() | Control
() | value |
| | Age (years) | | | <0.01 | | Mean (SD) | 19.3 (1.4) | 18.3 (1.7) | | | Gender, (%) | | | 0.78 | | Female | 33 (64.7) | 21 (67.7) | | | Male | 18 (35.3) | 10 (32.3) | | | Race, (%) | | | 0.05 | | White | 51 (100.0) | 28 (90.3) | | | Black | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.5) | | | Not specified | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | | | Insurance status, (%) | | | <0.01 | | Private | 14 (27.5) | 9 (29.0) | | | Medicaid | 28 (54.9) | 5 (16.1) | | | No insurance | 5 (9.8) | 3 (9.7) | | | Unknown | 4 (7.8) | 14 (45.2) | | | Place of residence, (%) | | | 0.40 | | Rural | 19 (27.5) | 12 (38.7) | | | Suburban | 17 (33.3) | 14 (45.2) | | | Urban | 11 (21.6) | 5 (16.1) | | | Maternal education, (%) | | | 0.95 | | Less than high school | 9 (17.7) | 4 (12.9) | | | High school degree or equivalent | 17 (33.3) | 10 (32.3) | | | Some college or greater | 22 (43.1) | 15 (48.4) | | | Unknown | 3 (5.9) | 2 (6.4) | | | Paternal education, (%) | | | 0.16 | | Less than high school | 10 (19.6) | 2 (6.5) | | | High school degree or equivalent | 24 (47.1) | 12 (38.7) | | | Some college or greater | 12 (23.5) | 14 (45.2) | | | Unknown | 5 (9.8) | 3 (9.7) | | | Family history of drug abuse, (%) | | | <0.01 | | Yes | 46 (90.2) | 15 (48.4) | | | No | 5 (9.8) | 16 (51.6) | | | Past month alcohol use, (%) | | | 0.88 | | None | 33 (66.0) | 19 (61.3) | | | 1 or 2 days | 12 (24.0) | 10 (32.3) | | | 3–9 days | 3 (6.0) | 1 (3.2) | | | 10 or more days | 2 (4.0) | 1 (3.2) | | | Past month tobacco use, (%) | | | <0.01 | | <10 days | 3 (6.1) | 27 (87.1) | | | 10 or more days | 46 (93.9) | 4 (12.9) | | | SCL-90 scores1, mean (SD) | | | | | Somatization | 1.09 (0.80) | 0.50 (0.40) | <0.01 | | Psychoticism | 0.57 (0.51) | 0.38 (0.45) | 0.09 | | Paranoid ideation | 1.09 (0.86) | 0.56 (0.71) | <0.01 | | Hostility | 1.19 (0.95) | 0.65 (0.79) | <0.01 | | Phobic anxiety | 0.79 (0.82) | 0.25 (0.40) | <0.01 | | Depression | 1.23 (0.81) | 0.59 (0.47) | <0.01 | | Anxiety | 0.90 (0.79) | 0.34 (0.37) | <0.01 | | Obsessive-compulsive symptoms | 1.22 (0.79) | 0.69 (0.69) | <0.01 | | Interpersonal sensitivity | 0.95 (0.81) | 0.68 (0.74) | 0.15 | | Other | 1.16 (0.78) | 0.65 (0.55) | <0.01 | | Global Severity Index | 1.02 (0.69) | 0.53 (0.44) | <0.01 | | Intelligence2 | | | | | Total | 87.1 (11.7) | 94.2 (10.1) | <0.01 | | Verbal | 88.3 (9.7) | 93.4 (9.5) | 0.02 | | Nonverbal | 89.1 (14.8) | 96.2 (11.1) | 0.02 |
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Symptom Checklist-90, self-report psychometric instrument.
Total intelligence measured by the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition.
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