Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults

Table 2

Unadjusted associations  between Psychological Inventory of Ego Strength (PIES) total and subscale scores and study group (opioid dependent versus control).

Mean (SD)	Opioid dependent; ()	Control; ()	value
Total PIES score	231.65 (30.39)	270.67 (30.06)	<0.01
Hope	27.47 (6.16)	33.51 (4.73)	<0.01
Will	28.24 (5.13)	34.27 (4.39)	<0.01
Purpose	28.87 (4.85)	33.85 (4.72)	<0.01
Competence	28.69 (5.00)	33.92 (4.79)	<0.01
Fidelity	30.49 (4.29)	34.23 (4.28)	<0.01
Love	31.03 (3.77)	33.50 (5.16)	0.02
Care	30.44 (5.28)	34.76 (4.36)	<0.01
Wisdom	26.42 (5.63)	32.62 (4.49)	<0.01

Unadjusted Student’s -test.