A Steganographic Method Based on Pixel-Value Differencing and the Perfect Square Number

Table 3

The distributions of pixel-value difference, payload, and MSE for images using Wu and Tsai’s method.

Range width	Lena	Baboon	Peppers	Jet	SailBoat	Tiffany	Payload	MSE
2	79276	72714	77375	90611	77179	83887	1	0.5
2	17302	7786	15376	17330	12301	18372	1	0.5
4	18177	12904	20501	11449	16226	15669	2	1.5
4	6986	9285	9018	3894	9154	5318	2	1.5
4	3266	6437	3786	2026	5174	2556	2	1.5
8	2889	8147	2574	2049	4944	2354	3	3.5
8	1392	5010	869	1138	2378	1040	3	3.5
16	1174	5201	733	1259	2200	885	4	7.5
16	385	2288	292	586	907	386	4	7.5
32	214	1207	273	281	504	551	5	16
32	11	91	120	408	46	45	5	16
64	0	2	155	41	59	8	6	32
64	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	32