Buckling of Euler Columns with a Continuous Elastic Restraint via Homotopy Analysis Method

Table 5

Absolute errors of HAM approximations for the first buckling mode.

	C-F column	P-P column	C-P column	C-C column	C-S column
𝛽=0	1.30562𝐸−13	1.03727𝐸−12	0.00000	0.00000	5.39109𝐸−11
𝛽=50	9.81515𝐸−10	1.26009𝐸−10	1.09165𝐸−7	4.64191𝐸−5	1.50249𝐸−7
𝛽=100	3.04503𝐸−8	1.65444𝐸−8	7.37428𝐸−7	5.9300𝐸−7	1.81936𝐸−5