Dynamical Complexity of a Spatial Phytoplankton-Zooplankton Model with an Alternative Prey and Refuge Effect

Figure 1

Spatiotemporal dynamics of model (3). In ((a), (b)) 𝑏=0.1, ((c), (d)) 𝑏=0.2, and ((e), (f)) 𝑏=0.5. The iteration numbers are 140 in ((a), (c), (e)) and 3000 in ((b), (d), (f)).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)