Biological Invasion and Coexistence in Intraguild Predation

Figure 5

Typical spatial pattern of the density of IGprey (left column) and IGpredator (right column) in two-dimensional space for the system (2a)–(2c). Parameter values: 𝜅₁=0.7,𝜅₂=0.4,𝜅₃=0.4,𝛼=2,ℎ=0.5,𝑒₁=0.1,  𝑒₂=0.21,𝜀₁=1.5, and 𝜀₂=2. From the top row to bottom, panel represents spatial patterns at time 100, 300, 600, and 1,000, respectively.