Asymmetrical Impact of Allee Effect on a Discrete-Time Predator-Prey System

Figure 2

Typical examples of predator (∇) and prey (∘) population dynamics. Allee effect of predator (or prey) starts to occur at 𝑡=50. (a) Predator with Allee effect, and (b) prey with Allee effect. Before the Allee effect (𝑡<50), the system stays in steady state. Parameter values: 𝑟=0.8, 𝛼=0.02, 𝛽=0.09, 𝐾=100, and 𝑢₁=𝑢₂=5.

(a)

(b)