Asymmetrical Impact of Allee Effect on a Discrete-Time Predator-Prey System

Figure 5

The phase portrait of system (24) by using the initial conditions 𝑥₀=30,𝑦₀=20. There is a periodic solution when the prey obeys the Allee effect which gets to a large value. Parameter values: (a) 𝑟=0.7, 𝛼=0.03, 𝛽=0.1, 𝐾=100, and 𝑢₂=18; (b) 𝑟=3, 𝛼=0.04, 𝛽=0.04, 𝐾=100, and 𝑢₂=23.

(a)

(b)