A Phantom-Node Method with Edge-Based Strain Smoothing for Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

<table>Stress (a) <svg height="13.4375" id="M168" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.775 13.4375" width="24.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> and (b) <svg height="16.4" id="M169" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.25 16.4" width="25.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> contours in the sheet (unstructured mesh) after the crack propagates.</table>

Journal of Applied Mathematics

fig28

Figure 28

Figure 28: A Phantom-Node Method with Edge-Based Strain Smoothing for Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 