Performance of a Nonlinear Real-Time Optimal Control System for HEVs/PHEVs during Car Following

<table>Engine operating point distribution using the vehicle tracking nonlinear real-time optimal control algorithm and the vehicle tracking ADVISOR rule-based algorithm for the HEV. The crosses and the circles denote the engine operating points of the vehicle tracking nonlinear real-time optimal control algorithm and the vehicle tracking ADVISOR rule-based algorithm, respectively.</table>

Journal of Applied Mathematics

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Figure 10

Figure 10: Performance of a Nonlinear Real-Time Optimal Control System for HEVs/PHEVs during Car Following 