Research on Torque Ratio Based on the Steering Wheel Torque Characteristic for Steer-by-Wire System

Table 6

On-center evaluation indices at 100 km/h.

Evaluation indices	Reference car	model
Lateral acceleration at 0 Nm (g)	0.042	0.021
Steering hysteresis (deg)	5.32	4.98
Steering fiction torque (Nm)	1.64	1.62
Average steering stiffness (Nm/deg)	0.36	0.29
Steering torque gradient at 0 g (Nm/g)	32.0	33.7
Steering torque gradient at 0.1 g (Nm/g)	9.06	8.73
SW torque at 0.1 g (Nm)	2.75	2.61