Research Article

Application of Improved WOA in Hammerstein Parameter Resolution Problems under Advanced Mathematical Theory

Table 1

Experimental result data of the original WOA and IWOA.

Algorithm indexOptimal valueWorst valueAverage valueStandard deviationRank mean

Improved WOA2.04-032.47+018.79-014.68+001.58
WOA2.83+012.89+012.80+014.89-014.39
Result of multimodal function operation
 Improved WOA2.87-101.12-013.25-035.02-031.43
 WOA1.07-011.03+004.83-012.67-015.16