http://www.hindawi.comThe latest articles from Hindawi Publishing Corporation© 2012, Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/486230/This paper studies the eigenvalue comparisons for second-order linear equations with boundary conditions on time scales. Using results from matrix algebras, the existence and comparison results concerning eigenvalues are obtained.Chao Zhang and Shurong SunCopyright © 2012 Chao Zhang and Shurong Sun. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/504650/We discuss the following problem: when aP+bQ+cPQ+dQP+ePQP+fQPQ+gPQPQ of idempotent matrices P and Q, where a,b,c,d,e,f,g∈ℂ and a≠0, b≠0, is group involutory.Lingling Wu, Xiaoji Liu, and Yaoming YuCopyright © 2012 Lingling Wu et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/282367/Mathematical form for two energy groups of three-dimensional homogeneous reactor kinetics equations and average one group of the precursor concentration of delayed neutrons is presented. This mathematical form is called “two energy groups of the point kinetics equations.” We rewrite two energy groups of the point kinetics equations in the matrix form. Generalization of the analytical exponential model (GAEM) is developed for solving two energy groups of the point kinetics equations. The GAEM is based on the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix. The eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix are calculated numerically using visual FORTRAN code, based on Laguerre’s method, to calculate the roots of an algebraic equation with real coefficients. The eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix are calculated analytically. The results of the GAEM are compared with the traditional methods. These comparisons substantiate the accuracy of the results of the GAEM. In addition, the GAEM is faster than the traditional methods.Abdallah A. Nahla and Mohammed F. Al-GhamdiCopyright © 2012 Abdallah A. Nahla and Mohammed F. Al-Ghamdi. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/480689/We present sharp upper and lower generalized logarithmic mean bounds for the geometric weighted mean of the geometric and harmonic means.Wei-Mao Qian and Bo-Yong LongCopyright © 2012 Wei-Mao Qian and Bo-Yong Long. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/270104/This paper considers the existence of positive almost-periodic solutions for almost-periodic Lotka-Volterra cooperative system with time delay. By using Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of positive almost-periodic solutions are obtained. An example and its simulation figure are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.Kaihong ZhaoCopyright © 2012 Kaihong Zhao. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/696574/We study the numerical solutions to semi-infinite-domain two-point boundary value problems and initial value problems. A smooth, strictly monotonic transformation is used to map the semi-infinite domain x∈[0,∞) onto a half-open interval t∈[−1,1). The resulting finite-domain two-point boundary value problem is transcribed to a system of algebraic equations using Chebyshev-Gauss (CG) collocation, while the resulting initial value problem over a finite domain is transcribed to a system of algebraic equations using Chebyshev-Gauss-Radau (CGR) collocation. In numerical experiments, the tuning of the map ϕ:[−1,+1)→[0,+∞) and its effects on the quality of the discrete approximation are analyzed.Mohammad Maleki, Ishak Hashim, and Saeid AbbasbandyCopyright © 2012 Mohammad Maleki et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/681296/We perform the stability analysis and we study the chaotic behavior of dynamical systems, which depict the 3-particle Toda lattice truncations through the lens of the 0-1 test, proposed by Gottwald and Melbourne. We prove that the new test applies successfully and with good accuracy in most of the cases we investigated. We perform some comparisons of the well-known maximum Lyapunov characteristic number method with the 0-1 method, and we claim that 0-1 test can be subsidiary to the LCN method. The 0-1 test is a very efficient method for studying highly chaotic Hamiltonian systems of the kind we study in our paper and is particularly useful in characterizing the transition from regularity to chaos.Loukas Zachilas and Iacovos N. PsarianosCopyright © 2012 Loukas Zachilas and Iacovos N. Psarianos. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/584680/The asymptotic behavior (as well as the global existence) of classical solutions to the 3D compressible Euler equations are considered. For polytropic perfect gas (P(ρ)=P0ργ), time asymptotically, it has been proved by Pan and Zhao (2009) that linear damping and slip boundary effect make the density satisfying the porous medium equation and the momentum obeying the classical Darcy's law. In this paper, we use a more general method and extend this result to the 3D compressible Euler equations with nonlinear damping and a more general pressure term. Comparing with linear damping, nonlinear damping can be ignored under small initial data.Huimin YuCopyright © 2012 Huimin Yu. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/202916/The problems of mean-square exponential stability and robust H∞ control of switched stochastic systems with time-varying delay are investigated in this paper. Based on the average dwell time method and Gronwall-Bellman inequality, a new mean-square exponential stability criterion of such system is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Then, H∞ performance is studied and robust H∞ controller is designed. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Zhengrong Xiang and Guoxin ChenCopyright © 2012 Zhengrong Xiang and Guoxin Chen. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/185357/The notion of the homomorphism of approximation spaces is introduced. Some properties of homomorphism are investigated, and some characterizations of homomorphism are given. Furthermore, the notion of approximation subspace of approximation spaces is introduced. The relations between approximation subspaces and homomorphisms are studied.Zhaohao Wang, Lan Shu, and Xiuyong DingCopyright © 2012 Zhaohao Wang et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/812932/To avoid the false results of deterministic identification methods induced by uncertainties, a fuzzy nearness-based method is proposed for the damage identification of bridge. An improved index based on ratios of modal shape components is used as identification measurements. The knowledge base for damage identification is established through corresponding relationship between fuzzified measurements and damage severities. The damage condition of test samples can be assessed based on approaching principle through fuzzy nearness with rules in knowledge base. A numerical analysis on a multigirder bridge considering uncertainty is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicate that the fuzzy nearness-based method can achieve an accurate identification with success rate up to 93.75%. Antinoise analysis and the ability for dealing with incomplete information reveal its robustness.Hanbing Liu, Yubo Jiao, Yongchun Cheng, and Yafeng GongCopyright © 2012 Hanbing Liu et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/324712/Decisions in the real-world contexts are often made in the presence of multiple, conflicting, and incommensurate criteria. Multiobjective programming methods such as multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) are techniques used to solve such multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. One of the first interactive procedures to solve MOLP is STEM method. In this paper we try to improve STEM method in a way that we search a point in reduced feasible region whose criterion vector is closest to positive ideal criterion vector and furthest to negative ideal criterion vector. Therefore the presented method tries to increase the rate of satisfactoriness of the obtained solution. Finally, a numerical example for illustration of the new method is given to clarify the main results developed in this paper.R. Roostaee, M. Izadikhah, and F. Hosseinzadeh LotfiCopyright © 2012 R. Roostaee et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/139014/Point pattern matching is an important topic of computer vision and pattern recognition. In this paper, we propose a point pattern matching algorithm for two planar point sets under Euclidean transform. We view a point set as a complete graph, establish the relation between the point set and the complete graph, and solve the point pattern matching problem by finding congruent complete graphs. Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.Xiaoyun Wang and Xianquan ZhangCopyright © 2012 Xiaoyun Wang and Xianquan Zhang. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/969685/The aim of this present paper is to establish the Poincaré-Bertrand formula for the double-layer potential on piecewise Lyapunov curve of integration.Baruch SchneiderCopyright © 2012 Baruch Schneider. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/879629/In recent decades, several types of sets, such as fuzzy sets, interval-valued fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, type 2 fuzzy sets, type n fuzzy sets, and hesitant fuzzy sets, have been introduced and investigated widely. In this paper, we propose dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFSs), which encompass fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, and fuzzy multisets as special cases. Then we investigate the basic operations and properties of DHFSs. We also discuss the relationships among the sets mentioned above, use a notion of nested interval to reflect their common ground, then propose an extension principle of DHFSs. Additionally, we give an example to illustrate the application of DHFSs in group forecasting.Bin Zhu, Zeshui Xu, and Meimei XiaCopyright © 2012 Bin Zhu et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/810198/The paper is devoted to proving the existence of a compact random attractor for the random dynamical system generated by stochastic three-component reversible Gray-Scott system with multiplicative white noise.Anhui GuCopyright © 2012 Anhui Gu. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/569313/By using Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, we study the existence of positive solutions to the three-point summation boundary value problem Δ2u(t-1)+a(t)f(u(t))=0, t∈{1,2,…,T}, u(0)=β∑s=1ηu(s), u(T+1)=α∑s=1ηu(s), where f is continuous, T≥3 is a fixed positive integer, η∈{1,2,...,T-1}, 0<α<(2T+2)/η(η+1), 0<β<(2T+2-αη(η+1))/η(2T-η+1), and Δu(t-1)=u(t)-u(t-1). We show the existence of at least one positive solution if f is either superlinear or sublinear.Thanin Sitthiwirattham and Jessada TariboonCopyright © 2012 Thanin Sitthiwirattham and Jessada Tariboon. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/526846/A simple multiscale analysis framework for heterogeneous solids based on a computational homogenization technique is presented. The macroscopic strain is linked kinematically to the boundary displacement of a circular or spherical representative volume which contains the microscopic information of the material. The macroscopic stress is obtained from the energy principle between the macroscopic scale and the microscopic scale. This new method is applied to several standard examples to show its accuracy and consistency of the method proposed.Hossein Talebi, Goangseup Zi, Mohammad Silani, Esteban Samaniego, and Timon RabczukCopyright © 2012 Hossein Talebi et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/743939/We construct a new type of q-Genocchi numbers and polynomials with weight α and weak weight β:Gn,q(α,β),Gn,q(α,β)(x), respectively. Some interesting results and relationships are obtained.J. Y. Kang, H. Y. Lee, and N. S. JungCopyright © 2012 J. Y. Kang et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/857134/This paper is concerned with a stochastic ratio-dependent predator-prey model with varible coefficients. By the comparison theorem of stochastic equations and the Itô formula, the global existence of a unique positive solution of the ratio-dependent model is obtained. Besides, some results are established such as the stochastically ultimate boundedness and stochastic permanence for this model.Zheng Wu, Hao Huang, and Lianglong WangCopyright © 2012 Zheng Wu et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/383282/The linearizability (or isochronicity) problem is one of the open problems for polynomial differential systems which is far to be solved in general. A progressive way to find necessary conditions for linearizability is to compute period constants. In this paper, we are interested in the linearizability problem of p : −q resonant degenerate singular point for polynomial differential systems. Firstly, we transform degenerate singular point into the origin via a homeomorphism. Moreover, we establish a new recursive algorithm to compute the so-called generalized period constants for the origin of the transformed system. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, we discuss the linearizability problems of 1 : −1 resonant degenerate singular point for a septic system. We stress that similar results are hardly seen in published literatures up till now. Our work is completely new and extends existing ones.Yusen Wu, Cui Zhang, and Luju LiuCopyright © 2012 Yusen Wu et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/695268/We prove the existence of solutions for third-order nonconvex state-dependent sweeping process with unbounded perturbations of the form: -A(x(3)(t))∈N(K(t,ẋ(t));  A(ẍ(t)))+F(t,x(t),ẋ(t),ẍ(t))+G(x(t),ẋ(t),ẍ(t))      a.e.  [0,T], A(ẍ(t))∈K(t,ẋ(t)), a.e.    t∈[0,T], x(0)=x0,ẋ(0)=u0, ẍ(0)=υ0, where T>0, K is a nonconvex Lipschitz set-valued mapping, F is an unbounded scalarly upper semicontinuous convex set-valued mapping, and G is an unbounded uniformly continuous nonconvex set-valued mapping in a separable Hilbert space H.M. Bounkhel and B. Al-SenanCopyright © 2012 M. Bounkhel and B. Al-Senan. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/968760/This study is originally motivated by the thermal balance equations for the gas and solid interphase heat-transfer for the fast-igniting catalytic converter of automobiles. Instead of solving this problem directly, we proved some results concerning the existence and uniqueness for abstract semilinear initial value problem by means of (C0,1)-semigroup theories on locally convex topological space. The most enjoyable here is that these results not only can be applied to solve the interphase heat-transfer for the fast-igniting catalytic converter of automobile under the situation of preheating at the entry edge of converter, but also can be applied to some other practical problems.Yu-Hsien Chang and Cheng-hong HongCopyright © 2012 Yu-Hsien Chang and Cheng-hong Hong. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/691651/The periodic boundary value problem is discussed for a class of fractional evolution equations. The existence and uniqueness results of mild solutions for the associated linear fractional evolution equations are established, and the spectral radius of resolvent operator is accurately estimated. With the aid of the estimation, the existence and uniqueness results of positive mild solutions are obtained by using the monotone iterative technique. As an application that illustrates the abstract results, an example is given.Jia Mu and Hongxia FanCopyright © 2012 Jia Mu and Hongxia Fan. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/602679/We study a competition system of the growth of two species of plankton with competitive and allelopathic effects on each other on time scales. With the help of Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, a set of easily verifiable criteria is obtained for the existence of at least two periodic solutions for this model. Some new existence results are obtained. An example and numerical simulation are given to illustrate the validity of our results.Hui FangCopyright © 2012 Hui Fang. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/703601/The fundamental problem in genetic algorithms is premature convergence, and it is strongly related to the loss of genetic diversity of the population. This study aims at proposing some techniques to tackle the premature convergence by controlling the population diversity. Firstly, a sexual selection mechanism which utilizes the mate chromosome during selection is used. The second technique focuses on controlling the genetic parameters by applying the fuzzy logic controller. Computational experiments are conducted on the proposed techniques and the results are compared with other genetic operators, heuristics, and local search algorithms commonly used for solving multidimensional 0/1 knapsack problems published in the literature.M. Jalali Varnamkhasti and L. S. LeeCopyright © 2012 M. Jalali Varnamkhasti and L. S. Lee. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/497345/We present a combined homotopy interior-point method for a general multiobjective programming problem. For solving the KKT points of the multiobjective programming problem, the homotopy equation is constructed. We prove the existence and convergence of a smooth homotopy path from almost any initial interior point to a solution of the KKT system under some basic assumptions.X. Zhao, S. G. Zhang, and Q. H. LiuCopyright © 2012 X. Zhao et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/475087/The Hamiltonian path problem for general grid graphs is known to be NP-complete. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Hamiltonian paths in L-alphabet, C-alphabet, F-alphabet, and E-alphabet grid graphs. We also present linear-time algorithms for finding Hamiltonian paths in these graphs.Fatemeh Keshavarz-Kohjerdi and Alireza BagheriCopyright © 2012 Fatemeh Keshavarz-Kohjerdi and Alireza Bagheri. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/939162/We study the existence of positive solutions for the nonlinear four-point singular boundary value problem with higher-order p-Laplacian dynamic delay differential equations on time scales, subject to some boundary conditions. By using the fixed-point index theory, the existence of positive solution and many positive solutions for nonlinear four-point singular boundary value problem with p-Laplacian operator are obtained.Hua Su, Lishan Liu, and Xinjun WangCopyright © 2012 Hua Su et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2012/329391/Let X,X1,X2,… be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables in the domain of attraction of a normal law. An almost sure limit theorem for the self-normalized products of sums of partial sums is established.Qunying WuCopyright © 2012 Qunying Wu. All rights reserved.