Solid Phase Microextraction and Related Techniques for Drugs in Biological Samples

Table 3

Extraction of different analytes by MEPS technique.

Components	Sample matrix	MEPS sorbent	References
Methadone	Human urine	Silica-C8	[19]
Dopamine/serotonin	Human urine	Silica-C8	[20]
Cocaine/metabolites	Human urine	Silica-C8	[21]
Clozapine/metabolites	Dried blood spots	Silica-C8	[121]
Methadone/buprenorphine/norbuprenorphine/naloxone; /levosulpiride	Plasma	Silica-C8	[122]
Pravastatin/pravastatin lactone	Rat plasma/urine	Silica-C8	[123]
Immunosuppressive drugs (Cyclosporine, everolimus,; Sirolimus, tacrolimus)	Whole blood	Silica-C8	[124]
Oxcarbazepine/metabolites	Plasma/saliva	Silica-C18	[125]
Antiepileptic drugs	Human plasma/urine	Silica-C18	[126]
Amiodarone/desethylamiodarone	Human plasma	Silica-C18	[127]
Methadone	Dried blood spots	Silica-C18	[128]
Biogenic amines	Human urine	Silica-C18	[129]
Metabolites of monoterpenes	Human urine	C18/silica phases	[130]
Acebutolol, metoprolol	Human plasma/urine	Polystyrene polymer	[131]
Busulphan	Human plasma	Polystyrene polymer	[132]
Linezolid and amoxicillin	Human plasma	(C2, C8, C18, M1 (80% C8 and 20% SCX), and Sil (pure silicate))	[133]
Cotinine	Human urine	(C2, C8, C18, silica, and C8/SCX)	[134]
Psychotropic drugs	Human serum	C18, C8, and C8-SCX	[135]
Antipsychotic drugs	Human plasma	80% C8 and 20% SCX	[136]
Local anaesthetics	Human plasma	Benzenesulphonic acid cation exchange silica	[137]
Ropivacaine /metabolites	Human urine	Polystyrene polymer, ISOLUTE ENV+	[138]
Lidocaine, glycylxylidide (GX), monothylglycylxylidide (MEGX), and 3-OH lidocaine	Human plasma/urine	Silica based (C8), polymer based (ENV+), and a methacrylate based organic monolith	[139]
Antidepressants	Human plasma	C8/strong cationic exchange	[140]
Ropivacaine	Human plasma	Methylcyanopropyl/silarylene (50/50)	[141]
Ropivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine	Human plasma	Molecularly imprinted polymers (mips)	[142, 147]
Cyclophosphamide	Human plasma	C2-sorbent	[143]
Codeine metabolites	Human urine	Barrel insert needle (BIN), poly(styrene co-divinylbenzene); (PS DVB)	[144]
Propranolol, metoprolol, verapamil	Human urine	C2, C8, C18, M1 (cation exchanger), and Sil (pure silica)	[145]
Bam peptide	Human plasma	C8	[148]