Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry / 2015 / Article / Tab 4 / Research Article
An On-Line Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Drinking and Surface Waters Table 4 Summary of PFAS concentrations in Italian surface and ground waters.
Samples Monitoring period PFBA PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnDA PFDoDA PFBS PFHxS PFOS Rivers in Northern Italy 2010–2013 (number of samples = 222) Min (ng/L) <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD Median (ng/L) <LOD <LOD 4 2 28 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3 <LOD 3 Max (ng/L) 411 974 892 946 6.480 174 99 58 19 4.328 36 218 % positive sample 28 48 75 64 88 46 43 25 16 65 4 55 Rivers in Central Italy 2011–2013 (number of samples = 26) Min (ng/L) <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD Median (ng/L) 16 <LOD 3 2 14 2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3 Max (ng/L) 79 15 40 29 222 30 51 11 4 335 <LOD 34 % positive sample 73 31 58 69 73 69 35 12 8 42 0 62 Transitional waters 2011–2013 (number of samples = 14) Min (ng/L) <LOD <LOD 1 <LOD 1 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1 <LOD <LOD Median (ng/L) <LOD 2 2 <LOD 5 <LOD 1 1 2 5 <LOD 4 Max (ng/L) 31 8 4 1 19 <LOD 1 1 3 10 <LOD 9 % positive sample 14 64 100 7 100 0 64 79 93 100 0 57 WWTP effluents 2011–2013 (number of samples = 18) Min (ng/L) <LOD <LOD <LOD 1 3 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD Median (ng/L) <LOD <LOD 38 22 78 16 14 4 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD Max (ng/L) <LOD 582.881 811.431 171.231 712.877 1.080 1.414 1.128 4 4.833.734 <LOD 18.688 % positive sample 0 44 72 100 100 94 94 78 39 17 0 28 Ground waters 2010–2012 (number of samples = 77) Min (ng/L) <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD Median (ng/L) <LOD <LOD 0.3 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD Max (ng/L) 20 22 37 31 53 13 16 9 13 29 45 121 % positive sample 67 29 48 40 47 17 16 12 16 38 22 45