Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights

<div><sup>31</sup>P NMR spectra for PPA-modified bitumen (Bit1–Bit7).</div>

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Figure 3: Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights 